New Dimensions in Renal Transplant Sonography: Applications of 3-Dimensional Ultrasound.

Background: The aim of this study is to demonstrate the usefulness of adding 3-dimensional (3D) ultrasound in evaluation of renal transplant vasculature compared to 2-dimensional (2D) Duplex ultrasound. Methods: One hundred thirteen consecutive renal transplant 2D and 3D ultrasound examinations were performed and retrospectively reviewed by 2 board-certified radiologists and a radiology resident individually; each reviewed 2D and then 3D images, including color and spectral Doppler. They recorded ability to visualize the surgical anastomosis and rated visualization on a subjective scale. Interobserver agreement was evaluated. Variant anastomosis anatomy was recorded. Tortuosity or stenosis was evaluated if localized Doppler velocity elevation was present. Results: The reviewers directly visualized the anastomosis more often with 3D ultrasound (x =97.5%) compared with 2D (x =54.5%) [difference in means (DM) = 43% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 36%-50%) (P

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