Epidemiology of Otitis Media in Children from Developing Countries: A Systematic Review

Publication date: Available online 11 April 2016
Source:International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Rodrigo DeAntonio, Juan-Pablo Yarzabal, James Philip Cruz, Johannes E. Schmidt, Jos Kleijnen
ObjectiveThis systematic review examined the epidemiology of otitis media (OM) in children <6 years within 90 developing and newly industrialised countries.MethodsLiterature searches (1992-2011), based on MEDLINE, EMBASE, WHO, Index Medicus, country-specific websites, conferences, and the reference lists of included studies, yielded 11,413 records; 59 of 344 studies analysed were included in this review.ResultsThe majority of the identified studies provided only a single timepoint for OM. In children <6 years of age, OM prevalence was found to be 9.2% in Nigeria, 10% in Egypt, 6.7% in China, 9.2% in India, 9.1% in Iran and 5.1%-7.8% in Russia. Few studies examined the etiology of OM and the antibacterial resistance. The most common bacterial pathogens were S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae and S. aureus. A high resistance to penicillin was reported in Nigeria and Turkey.ConclusionsDespite the variability between the identified studies, this review indicates that OM and its various sub-types remain a significant burden in different settings. However, the heterogeneity of studies and a general lack of reliable data made generalisation very difficult.



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