Abstract Older adults with hearing loss face many challenges in day to day communication. Although hearing aids come with many technologies and features, the use and benefit are still not as expected. The possible non-audiological factors that can influence the benefit from hearing aid remain uncertain. The present study focuses on assessing the influence of attitude towards loss of hearing and personality on the perceived hearing aid benefit in older adults. Attitude towards...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 03:00
Abstract Epistaxis is one of the most common emergencies encountered by otorhinolaryngologist. Although anterior epistaxis is easy to manage but posterior epistaxis is usually refractory. Transnasal endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation (TESPAL) is now a well established surgical technique for the management of refractory epistaxis. Electrocauterization and clipping are the most common methods used for ligation. Coblation is an upcoming tool with promising results in endoscopic...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 03:00
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 3.6 million confirmed cases and over 254,000 deaths worldwide. It has been theorized that children who are asymptomatic or who do not display significant respiratory symptoms are potential vectors for community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This is incompletely understood due to the current lack of widespread testing in the pediatric population. We describe a case of a 2-year-old female who presented with symptoms of prolonged fever, conjunctivitis,...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 18:20
Introduction: High-sensitive cardiac troponin reflects micro-myocardial injury in the absence of overt myocardial infarction. Objective: This study aimed to clarify how thyrotoxicosis affects cardiac troponin. Methods: This was a prospective observational study in Japan. Untreated patients with thyrotoxicosis who visited Ito Hospital were enrolled, and medical treatment was initiated for hyperthyroidism. Thyroid function, high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) were...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 16:11
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2020Source: Journal of the American College of SurgeonsAuthor(s): Q Lina Hu, Chelsea P. Fischer, Annie B. Wescott, Melinda Maggard-Gibbons, David B. Hoyt, Clifford Y. Ko
Mon Sep 28, 2020 21:33
Abstract Background H3K27M-mutant midline lesions were recently reclassified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “diffuse midline glioma” (DMG) based entirely on their molecular signature. DMG is one of the most common and most lethal pediatric brain tumors; terminal progression is typically caused by local midbrain or brainstem progression, or secondary leptomeningeal dissemination. H3K27M mutations have also been infrequently...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 03:00
Mon Sep 28, 2020 16:35
The prognostic value of microvessel density (MVD) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains disputable. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively determine the prognostic value of MVD in HNSCC. Relevant literatures were identified using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library. A meta-analysis was performed to clarify the prognostic role of MVD in HNSCC patients and different subgroups. A total of 14 eligible articles were included in this meta-analysis. The combined hazard ratio...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 17:35
Abstract Objectives Our aim in this study was to understand how genetics ideas are appropriated and mobilized online toward the political projects of White nationalism and the alt right. Studying three different online venues, we investigated how genetics is used to support racial realism, hereditarianism, and racial hierarchy. We analyzed how these ideas are connected to political and metapolitical projects. In addition, we examined the strategies used to build authority for these interpretations....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 20:32
Abstract Background There is clinical evidence for impaired lung function in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients, which may be due to a high incidence of asthma comorbidity. The lung function characteristics of non‐asthmatic CRSwNP patients are not known. Small airway dysfunction (SAD) is involved in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, whether SAD is detected in non‐asthmatic patients with CRSwNPs remains unclear. Objective This study analyzed the lung function of...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 18:56
Abstract Background Treatment failure in eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is common. We hypothesize that DNA methylation differs between patients by treatment response to topical steroids (oral viscous budesonide), thus offering the potential to inform targeting therapies. Objective We sought to identify differentially methylated sites and affiliated genes in pre‐treatment esophageal cells between responders and non‐responders and test for accelerated epigenetic aging in esophageal cells...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 18:57
Zusammenfassung Die rasante Entwicklung im Bereich der Lungenkrebstherapie wurde maßgeblich auch durch die Entdeckung molekularer Marker und der damit verbundenen Möglichkeit einer personalisierten Therapie bestimmt. Die heutige Lungenkrebsdiagnostik stellt hohe Anforderungen an den Pathologen. An kleinen Gewebeproben muss nicht nur die Diagnose gestellt, sondern müssen auch alle therapierelevanten Biomarker getestet werden. Das verlangte Mindestmaß bei fortgeschrittenem nichtkleinzelligen...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 03:00
Background: In recent years, GATA-binding protein 3 (GATA3) has been indicated as a marker showing good prognosis in breast cancer. In luminal breast cancer, which has good a prognosis, it shows more significant elevation in small-sized and low-grade tumors. In contrast, Ki-67 is defined as a poor prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to emphasise the prognostic importance of GATA3 and the inverse relationship with Ki-67. Materials and Methods: In our study, 90 patients with invasive ductal...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) of the adrenal gland is extremely rare with limited reports in the literature. There remain no definitive treatment guidelines, largely due to the rarity of the malignancy. Case Report: We present the case of a 62-year-old Caucasian male who presented with low back pain and was found to have a large retroperitoneal mass arising from the left adrenal gland, measuring 18.3 x 12.2 centimeters (cm). Biopsy was consistent with small cell...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have gained remarkable attention because of their ability to dualistically regulate tumor growth. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the apoptotic effects of human bone marrow-derived (hBM) MSCs in combination with interferon gamma (IFN-) on MCF-7 breast cancer cells, and to determine the cytokines involved in the apoptotic process. Materials and Methods: hBM-MSCs were co-cultured with MCF-7 cells either directly and indirectly for 72 h in-vitro....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Early stage extra-pulmonary small cell carcinoma (EPSC) of the esophagus is very rare and is usually treated with chemo-radiation or surgical resection. Case Report: A case of early stage small cell carcinoma of the esophagus that was treated with all three current modalities of chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. To our best knowledge this is the first case treated with triple therapy. The patient is a 64-year-old male with increasing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: DNA damage response (DDR), wherein p21 is a cell fate determinant, is a potential cancer therapeutic target. Molecular expression during DDR was explored in ovarian clear-cell carcinoma (CCC). Materials and Methods: CHK1, CHK2, TP53 and p21 expression in DDR was examined using immunostaining in surgical sections of CCC (n=22). Molecular alterations in two types of CCC cell lines, JHOC-5 and JHOC-9, were investigated using western blot analysis. Results: Expression of DDR-associated...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: To assess predictors of local control (LC) for stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SAbR) in pulmonary oligometastatic disease (OMD) from gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Patients and Methods: Patients with pulmonary OMD treated with SAbR from January 2016 to December 2018 were included in this observational analysis. Primary endpoint was LC. Uni- and multivariate analyses to assess variable correlations were conducted. Results: Thirty-seven patients and 59 lung metastases were...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Targeted therapies in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are subject to extensive research. Different mutations of genes belonging to the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family have been detected in HNSCC. In this study, we examined the expression of FGF1 and FGF2 after treatment with small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and an inhibitor of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) in vitro using human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and -negative SCC...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Somatic mutations were investigated in 21 patients with postmenopausal estrogen receptor (ER)-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2)-positive (ER+HER2+) breast cancer (BC) treated with neoadjuvant letrozole and lapatinib, to identify their distinct molecular landscape. Patients and Methods: We used tissue samples of 21 patients from phase II Neo ALL-IN cohort, and somatic alterations were examined using targeted exome sequencing performed in Foundation Medicine,...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Cancer stem cell characteristics and drug resistance of colorectal cancer are associated with failure of cancer treatment. In this study, we investigated the effects of PrPC on cancer stem cell characteristics, migration, invasion, and drug resistance of 5FU-resistant CRC cells. Materials and Methods: PrPC negative and PrPC positive cells were isolated from 5FU-resistant CRC cells using magnetic activated cell sorting. Sphere formation, cancer stem cell marker expression, migration,...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: We aimed to identify differences in cytoreduction rates and procedures performed in patients with advanced ovarian cancer undergoing primary (PDS) or interval debulking surgery (IDS). Patients and Methods: Data were collected prospectively on 110 consecutive patients from June 2016 to Mar 2020. Results: Forty-nine patients (44.5%) underwent diaphragmatic peritonectomy (34 in PDS and 15 in IDS, p=0.005), while 38 (34.5%) underwent large bowel resection (29 in PDS and 9 in IDS, p<0.001)....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Since pathways involving LRRC17 are related to the survival of patients with various cancers, we analyzed LRRC17 as a prognostic gene in serous ovarian cancer. Materials and Methods: Data were collected from Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE9891, GSE13876, and GSE26712) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We performed survival analyses using C statistics, area under the curve, survival plot with optimal cutoff level, and cox proportional regression. Zebrafish embryos were used as an in...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The optimal treatment sequencing for asymptomatic de novo metastatic rectal cancer is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of upfront radiotherapy, with or without chemotherapy on risk for local complications, in patients with asymptomatic advanced metastatic rectal cancer treated with palliative intention. Patients and Methods: All patients with de novo metastatic rectal cancer diagnosed between January 2008 and December 2017 in two healthcare regions in Sweden...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Despite improved treatment for gastric cancer (GC), the prognosis of advanced disease remains poor. Further investigation of the oncogenic sequence for GC is needed. Materials and Methods: The expression of TYRO3 protein tyrosine kinase in five GC cell lines was confirmed using western blotting. TYRO3 knockdown in GC cells, and bromodeoxyuridine and Transwell assays were used to examine the functions of TYRO3 in tumor proliferation and invasion. Finally, TYRO3 expression in 138 patients...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common malignancies of the urinary tract. Venous migration, tumor thrombus and metastases are often seen in patients with RCC and are adverse prognostic factors. Intravascular tumor growth along the renal vein into the inferior vena cava occurs in up to 10% of all patients with RCC. Furthermore, extension of the tumor reaching the right atrium is detected in approximately 1% of all patients. Synchronous involvement of pulmonary arteries...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: In oncological settings, high-quality decision-making takes place when an adaptive pattern of cognitive and behavioural processes occurs, potentially limiting post-decisional regret and leading to an increment of adherence to the final decision. An example of a choice that requires a patient's involvement in the decision-making during cancer treatment occurs when the insertion of Central Vascular Access Device (CVAD) is proposed for chemotherapy administration. The aim of the current...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Aim: Our aim was to confirm the utility of Indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging for intraoperative detection of adrenal hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. Case Report: An 83-year-old man with a right adrenal HCC metastasis was admitted after complete remission of primary HCC and a metachronous left adrenal metastasis. He was treated with ICG fluorescence-guided limited resection to preserve adrenal function. ICG was administered intravenously at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg, 6 days before...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Clusters of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) increase metastatic potential compared to single CTC. However, conventional technologies have been unable to generate an accurate analysis of single and cluster CTCs in the peripheral blood. We propose an effective strategy to detect and isolate both single and cluster CTCs using two size-selective microfilters. Materials and Methods: Five ml of whole blood were collected from 10 patients with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation-positive...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The survival benefit of negative resection margins in patients who undergo gastrectomy with positive peritoneal lavage cytology (CY1) is unknown. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the medical records of 128 patients with CY1 but no other distant metastases who had undergone R1 gastrectomy, 21 of whom had positive margins. We compared overall survival (OS) according to margin status. Results: The positive-margin group had poorer performance status scores (p=0.02), higher number of...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Stage-specific embryonic antigen-4 (SSEA-4) expression is associated with malignant aggressiveness and is useful as a marker for identifying cancer stem cells. Our aim was to assess the relationship between hormonal therapy and SSEA-4 expression in prostate cancer (PC). Materials and Methods: SSEA-4 expression in paired specimens from PC patients who underwent neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) and radical prostatectomy (60 pre-NHT specimens and 60 post-NHT specimens) was evaluated...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Myxofibrosarcoma (MFS) is characterized by an infiltrative growth pattern. This study aimed to determine the correlation between overall survival (OS) and morphological features of MFS as well as examine the reproducibility of these findings on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients and Methods: Fifty-eight MFS patients underwent preoperative MR imaging with the following features analysed: i) tumour size, ii) localization, iii) margins, iv) morphology, v) signal...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: E- and P-cadherin (E-cadh, P-cadh) control tumor cell invasion, metastatic or stemness potential and chemotherapy resistance. The study aimed to assess E- and P-cadherin expression in breast cancer molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: Immunohistochemistry for E-cadh and P-cadh was performed for 97 breast cancer cases. Membrane (M), cytoplasmic (C) or mixed (MC) patterns of E-cadh and P-cadh were considered in our evaluation. Results: E-cadh and P-cadh C pattern was significantly...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Emerging evidence suggests that Insulin-like growth factor II mRNA-binding protein 3 (IMP3) promotes tumor progression in several human malignancies. We investigated whether IMP3 expression has clinicopathological and prognostic significance in gallbladder adenocarcinoma (GBAC). Patients and Methods: We examined immunohistochemical IMP3 expression in 204 GBACs and its associations with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcomes. Results: The majority (87.7%) of GBACs exhibited...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The p38 family of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) includes four isoforms: p38α, -β, - and -. The aim of this study was to elucidate possible functions of p38α and p38β in human pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: Isoform expression was determined in seven human pancreatic cancer cell lines. After shRNA based selective knockdown of p38α and p38β, in vitro growth and migration as well as in vivo tumorigenicity were assessed. Results: All pancreatic cancer cells expressed...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: To describe real clinical outcomes in patients with non-small cell lung cancer who have uncommon epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review from 15 medical institutes that cover a population of three million people from April 2008 to March 2019. Results: There were 102 patients with uncommon EGFR mutation. Progression-free survival (PFS) tended to be longer in patients receiving afatinib compared with first-generation...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is overexpressed in many types of cancer, inhibiting the release of the microRNA 15a (miR-15a) and inducing the production of Mxi-2. Our aim was to identify a molecular complex regulating p53 activity in prostate cancer (PCa). Materials and Methods: DU145 cells were treated with ET-1, MAPK p38 inhibitor, Endothelin A receptor inhibitor (ETAR inhibitor) and Endothelin B receptor inhibitor (ETBR inhibitor). Extracts were analysed using Western Blot, immunoprecipitation...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Angiosarcoma of primary gynecologic origin is an extremely rare and highly malignant tumor of endothelial origin with a 5-year survival rate of less than 35%. To date, only 61 cases have been described in the literature. The aim of this study was to present more cases and discuss potential therapy options. Case Report: The following case series presents three cases of gynecologic angiosarcomas that were under therapy at the Charité – University medicine of Berlin from June 2014 to...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a unique subtype that lacks expression of several conventional biomarkers and has a higher incidence of lymph node invasion and distal metastasis among all breast cancers. Anoikis resistance is the fundamental reason behind tumor cells' survival without their attachment to the extracellular matrix and metastasis to distal organs. Therefore, finding novel anti-cancer drugs that can suppress anoikis resistance in cancer cells is critical for patients...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Surgical staging is paramount to treatment of primary bone sarcomas. Often, bone scintigraphy and/or positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) are used to exclude skeletal metastases; however, skeletal metastases in chondrosarcoma are rare. The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of these staging methods in patients with chondrosarcoma. Patients and Methods: We reviewed 138 (87 males, 51 female) patients, mean age 54±20 years, with a chondrosarcoma, who...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Drug resistance is a significant cause of high mortality in ovarian cancer (OC) patients. The reverse transcriptase inhibitor azidothymidine (AZT) has been utilized as a treatment for tumors, but its role in OC treatment has not been revealed. The aim of the present in vitro study was to examine the influence of AZT on the growth of human OC cells and the involved proteins. Materials and Methods: The proliferation, cell cycle distribution, extent of apoptosis, mitotic index, and terminal...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The platelet distribution width (PDW) and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels are known to be predictive of prognosis in various malignancies. Our aim was to determine whether combining PDW and serum CRP levels produces a prognostic indicator for esophageal cancer (EC) patients. Patients and Methods: A total of 168 EC patients who underwent neoadjuvant therapy prior to esophagectomy were included in this study. Results: We defined a combined PDW and CRP (CPC) score as follows: patients...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) can mediate drug resistance within the tumor microenvironment by delivering bioactive molecules, including proteins. Here, we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of EVs secreted by A549 lung cancer cells and their cisplatin-resistant counterparts in order to identify proteins involved in drug resistance. Materials and Methods: Cells were co-cultivated using a transwell system to evaluate EV exchange. EVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The simultaneous increase of antioxidant CAT (catalase) enzyme and plasma MDA (malonidialdehyde) concentrations versus the numeric rating scale (NRS) pain score following surgery is unknown. Patients and Methods: The study included 114 patients with gallstone disease and 29 patients in the cancer group. Results: Following surgery, the plasma CAT concentrations increased and plasma MDA concentrations decreased in all patients and especially in cancer patients. The linear mixed model...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Accumulating evidence shows that caspase-8 (Cas-8) rs3834129 genotypes determine susceptibility to various cancers, but their association with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has not been examined. We aimed at investigating the association of Cas-8 rs3834129 with NPC risk. Materials and Methods: Cas-8 rs3834129 genotypes and their associations with NPC risk were investigated among 176 NPC patients and 352 non-cancer subjects by the PCR-RFLP method. Additionally, the interaction of...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The presence of circulating tumor cells (CTC) has been reported to have an impact on prognosis in different tumor entities. Little is known about CTC morphology and heterogeneity. Patients and Methods: In a multicenter setting, pre-therapeutic peripheral blood specimens were drawn from patients with non-metastatic esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). CTCs were captured by size-based filtration (ScreenCell®), subsequently Giemsa-stained and evaluated by two trained readers. The isolated...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The cell-killing and radiosensitizing effects of carbon-ion (C-ion) beams with low linear energy transfer (LET) are underexplored. We aimed to demonstrate the cell-killing effects of 60Co gamma rays and C-ion beams at various LET values and the radiosensitizing effect of C-ion beams at various LET and cisplatin levels. Materials and Methods: Human uterine cervical cancer cells were irradiated with 60Co gamma rays and C-ion beams at different levels of LET, with and without cisplatin...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common urological cancer, and its risk correlates with environmental factors such as obesity, smoking and hypertension. Microarray technology enables analysis of the expression pattern of the whole phosphatome, members of which are involved in many cellular pathways and may act as either tumour suppressors or oncogenes in cancers. Materials and Methods: We analysed data for the expression level of 87 out of 107 known protein phosphatase genes included in...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells are a heterogenous population of immune cells showing promising applications in immunotherapeutic cancer treatment. Neuropilin (NRP) proteins have been proven to play an important role in cancer development and prognosis. In this study, CIK cells were tested for expression of NRPs, transmembrane proteins playing a role in the proliferation and survival of cancer cells. Materials and Methods: CIK cells were analyzed at different time points via flow...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Investigation of the efficacy and mechanisms of human immuno-oncology agents has been hampered due to species-specific differences when utilizing preclinical mouse models. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) humanized mice provide a platform for investigating the modulation of the human immune-mediated antitumor response while circumventing the limitations of syngeneic model systems. Use of humanized mice has been stymied by model-specific limitations, some of which include the development of...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: T cells mediate cytotoxicity against prostate cancer (PCa) cells in vitro; however, the clinical efficacy of T cell-targeted immunotherapy for recurrent and metastatic PCa is unsatisfactory. We hypothesized that the resistance of recurrent and metastatic PCa to T cells is related to the presence of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), and we examined their relationship. Materials and Methods: PCa spheres (prostaspheres) were generated from five PCa cell lines, and their susceptibility...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Paired box 8 (PAX8) is an organ-specific marker discriminating Müllerian and breast carcinomas. Recent studies have described PAX8 expression in a small subset of breast carcinomas, which may cause a diagnostic pitfall in the determination of cancer origin. The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of PAX8-expressing metastatic breast carcinomas (MBCs) to help elucidate the primary site of occurrence. Patients and Methods: Using immunohistochemistry, we examined PAX8...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Accurate regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) are essential for the correct execution of mitosis. In this work, we focused on MAD2L2 (REV7), a central translesion (TLS) protein, which also functions as a mitotic regulator by inhibiting APC/C in prometaphase. Materials and Methods: Using bioinformatics analysis, live cell imaging and APC/C protein binding and degradation assays, we explored the influence of MAD2L2 over-expression...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Randomized controlled trials had demonstrated local therapy, such as radiotherapy, can improve outcomes of patients with lung cancer with oligometastatic disease (OMD). However, the definition of OMD is not uniform and the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) proposed a new classification in 2020 comprising nine subtypes. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of this European...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Periostin exists as an extracellular matrix protein in several carcinomas and is related to metastasis and poor prognosis. It is mainly secreted from cancer associated fibroblasts, and not from carcinoma cells. As a tumor microenvironment component, periostin usually mediates tumor cell stemness, metastasis, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. This study aimed to examine the role of periostin in chondrosarcoma. Materials and Methods: To evaluate the effect of periostin on the proliferation...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Aim: To evaluate our experience with radical radiotherapy and chemotherapy in patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Patients and Methods: The study consisted of 27 patients treated with cisplatin-based chemoradiation (CCRT), 48 treated with radiation alone (RT), and 42 with locally advanced disease treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation (neoCRT). Results: The incidence of acute grade 3 or more genitourinary (GU) toxicity in the RT, CCRT and neoCRT groups was: 25%, 11% and 19%,...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Several studies have found elevated soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L) in the serum of patients with malignancies as well as those with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Our goal was to determine the possible causal role of sCD40L in colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) by using the well-established azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS) protocol. Materials and methods: Twelve wild type (WT) and twelve TLR4 knock out (KO) female C57BL6 mice were divided into 4 experimental...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Preoperative chemotherapy with surgery is the most effective treatment modality in Japan for advanced oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We evaluated the long-term outcomes associated with preoperative docetaxel/cisplatin/5-fluorouracil (DCF) administration followed by oesophagectomy in OSCC. Patients and Methods: Overall, 76 consecutive patients with cStage IB-IIIC OSCC were enrolled. After two cycles of preoperative DCF, oesophagectomy was performed. Survival monitoring was...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Dietary interventions like time-restricted feeding (TRF) show promising anti-cancer properties. We examined whether therapeutic TRF alone or combined with immunotherapy would diminish renal tumor growth in mice of varying body weights. Materials and Methods: Young (7 week) chow-fed or older (27 week) high-fat diet (HFD)-fed BALB/c mice were orthotopically injected with renal tumor cells expressing luciferase. After tumor establishment, mice were randomized to ad libitum feeding or...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Whether adding tumor treating fields (TTF) to the Stupp protocol increases survival for glioblastoma (GBM) patients in routine clinical care remains unknown. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively identified adult patients with newly diagnosed GBM (n=104) treated with the Stupp protocol or TTF at our Institution. Results: Thirty-six percent (37/104) of patients received TTF in conjunction with the Stupp protocol and these patients had increased 6-month (p=0.006) and 1-year (p=0.170),...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Neuropilin-1 (NRP1) is a receptor for vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and has been reported to be overexpressed in several malignancies. Since angiogenesis plays an important role in pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) and the role of NRP1 in MM has not been studied yet, we characterized the expression of NRP1 in this disease. Materials and Methods: The expression level of NRP1 was measured in 140 patients newly diagnosed with MM and 28 healthy controls by flow cytometry...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: We evaluated the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of Wilms tumor gene 1 (WT1) peptide and Mucin 1 (MUC1)-pulsed dendritic cell (DC) (WT1/MUC1-DC) vaccination as an adjuvant immunotherapy for surgically resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) patients. Patients and Methods: Eligible patients were administered WT1/MUC1-DC vaccination at least seven times every 2 weeks with concomitant adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection of PDA. Results: Ten patients...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The tetrazolium-based MTT cytotoxicity assay is well established for screening putative anti-cancer agents. However, it has limitations including lack of reproducibility with glioma cells treated with polyphenols. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a flow cytometric assay with the anthraquinone, DRAQ7, was a better alternative than the colorimetric MTT assay for measuring cell viability. Materials and Methods: Two glioma cell lines (IPSB-18, U373) and 1 pancreatic cancer...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Locoregional recurrence (LRR) of breast cancer is reported to occur at a rate of 5%-15%. Wide excision of LRR is the recommended treatment, which can increase the probability of subsequent local control. Herein, we describe a surgical technique wherein a pedicled skin and subcutaneous flap close the skin defect after resection of a breast cancer LRR without use of a skin graft. Patients and Methods: We reviewed four patients who underwent surgical resection using a pedicled rotation...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Exposure to pesticides has been reportedly associated with several types of cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we used data from The United States Geological Survey (USGS), United States Census, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database to analyze the association between the area density of specific agricultural pesticides and the county level annual incidence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Results: Incidence of DLBCL was significantly...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Genetic variations of the non-coding RNA gene, ANRIL, have been associated with human diseases including cancer, type-2 diabetes, and atherosclerosis. In the present study, we investigated the potential associations of select ANRIL single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with overall survival and other clinical outcomes in adult patients with hematologic malignancies after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Patients and Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Type II diabetes agents have anticancer effects on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The mechanistic target of rapamycin (MTOR) pathway represents a putative target. Materials and Methods: We interrogated an Affymetrix HNSCC dataset for MTOR-related gene expression. Results: MTOR expression itself was unchanged, but various related genes demonstrated differential expression. Pathway promoters ras homolog (RHEB), MTOR-associated protein (MLST8), and ribosomal protein S6 kinase...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: We conducted a randomized controlled trial to investigate whether minimally access spine surgery (MASS) is less morbid than open surgery (OS) in patients with metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC). Patients and Methods: A total of 49 MSCC patients were included in the trial. The outcome measures were bleeding (L), operation time (min), re-operations and prolonged wound healing. Results: The median age was 67 years (range=42-85 years) and 40% were men. The peri-operative blood...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease have markedly increased risk for developing colitis-associated colorectal adenocarcinoma (CAC). There is no established prognostic biomarker for CAC. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on a cohort of 57 CACs. Expression of caudal type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2) and YES-associated protein 1 (YAP1) expression was correlated with clinicodemographic and histopathological features. Results: Neither YAP1 nor CDX2 expression...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: There is an increasing demand for preserving the fertility of young women impacted with early-stage cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the oncological and reproductive outcomes of abdominal radical trachelectomy (ART). Patients and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with FIGO stageIA2-IB1 cervical cancer who underwent ART from 2007 to 2018. We also compared the oncological prognosis between the patients who underwent ART and radical hysterectomy (RH)....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Aim: To investigate the clinical significance of ATP-binding cassette transporter 11 (ABCC11) protein expression in colon cancer. Materials and Methods: One hundred thirty nine patients with colon cancer resection between 2009 and 2011 were enrolled. The relationship with immunohistochemical ABCC11 staining and clinicopathological factors was retrospectively analyzed. Results: Median age was 70 years including 67 males and 72 females. The patients with Stage 0, 1, 2, 3a and 4 were 4, 20, 43, 35,...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Pleural effusion (PE) has a heterogeneous aetiology, and differential diagnosis between benign and malignant disease may require invasive procedures in up to 60% of cases. The sensitivity of pleural cytology is limited, and several strategies have been tested to reduce the need of invasive diagnostic approaches. The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of pleural fluid cytology, compared to, and combined with, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), C reactive protein (CRP), and...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether idarubicin (IDR) induces oxidative DNA damage in the presence of copper (II). Materials and Methods: DNA damage was evaluated by pBR322 plasmid DNA cleavage. The formation of oxidative stress markers [O2•– and 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] was analysed. Results: IDR induced DNA damage and O2•– and 8-OHdG generation in the presence of copper (II). Conclusion: IDR induced oxidative DNA damage in the presence of copper (II)....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Glioma-associated oncogene 1 (GLI1) is an important transcription factor in the hedgehog signalling pathway and tumour formation. We evaluated the clinical significance of GLI1 expression as a prognostic factor in patients with locally advanced gastric cancer (GC). Patients and Methods: GLI1 expression levels were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of cancerous and adjacent normal mucosa specimens obtained from 142 patients with Stage II/III GC administered...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: We established a new patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) model of gastric cancer liver metastasis and evaluated the efficacy of a novel combination chemotherapy, gemcitabine (GEM) plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), compared to a standard regimen of oxaliplatinum (L-OHP) plus 5-FU on the liver metastasis. Materials and Methods: Patient-derived gastric cancer was established in nude mice from the patient' s surgical tumor specimen. A single tumor fragment was implanted in the liver...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: A single study has shown positive association and genotype-phenotype correlation between metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) promoter genotypes and adult acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL). However, there is no report about childhood ALL. Thus, this study aimed at examining the role of MMP-9 rs3918242 genotypes in childhood ALL risk. Patients and Methods: A total of 266 childhood ALL cases and 266 healthy controls in Taiwan were examined for their MMP-9 rs3918242 genotypes via polymerase chain...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF1) inhibitors have been proposed as therapeutic agents for several tumor types. HIF1α is induced by hypoxia and by pathogens in normoxia through toll-like receptors (TLRs). The TLR3 activator polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)] induces apoptosis in various types of cancer but not in the most aggressive breast cancer cell lines. We hypothesized that the failure of TLR3 stimulation to induce apoptosis in these cells might be due to an elevated...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: We previously developed a novel technique for expanding highly activated and purified natural killer (NK) cells able to maximize the theoretical activation potential of NK cells; thus, we named this cell population zenithal-NK (ZNK). Aim: To evaluate the safety, feasibility, and preliminary efficacy of autologous ZNK cells in patients with different types of advanced cancer with measurable solid lesions. Patients and Methods: In this phase I/IIb first-in-human, open-label, dose-escalation...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: 18 kDa Translocator protein (TSPO) is a mitochondrial protein up-regulated in colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Our purpose was to develop a TSPO-targeted doxorubicin prodrug (Dox-TSPO) which can be loaded onto drug-eluting beads for transarterial chemoembolization. Furthermore, we evaluated its loading and release kinetics and effects on cell viability. Materials and Methods: N-Fmoc-DOX-14-O-hemiglutarate was coupled with a TSPO ligand, 6-TSPOmbb732, using classical N,N,N’,N’-tetramethyl-O-(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)uranium...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication may cause life-threatening complications after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The aim of the study was to characterize CMV events, and the outcome of letermovir (LTV) CMV prophylaxis. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective analysis of patients treated with an allo-HSCT between 2010 and 2020, we determined plasma CMV events, as well as associated risk factors. Results: We identified 423 patients who had undergone...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) in the proliferation of human lung cancer cells and identify the signaling pathway that mediates this effect. Materials and Methods: Adenocarcinoma (A549 and H1650) and adenosquamous (H125) cells were treated with increasing doses of Pam3CSK4, a TLR2 agonist. Cell proliferation and NF-ĸB activation were evaluated. NF-ĸB was inhibited prior to treatment with Pam3CSK4 and proliferation was assessed. Results:...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Hypothalamic-pituitary (HT-P) dysfunction is one of the most common endocrine late effects following cranial radiotherapy. However, there are currently no specific data describing this complication in adult-onset cancer patients after whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT). The present cohort study aims to establish the prevalence of HT-P axis dysfunction in this group of patients. Patients and Methods: Twenty-six cancer patients previously treated with WBRT (median follow-up=20.5 months)...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Human NK-92 Cells Function as Target Cells for Human NK Cells - Implications for CAR NK-92 Therapies
Background/Aim: Recent studies indicate that chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T-cells seem to be superior to CAR modified NK-92 cells. One, at least partial, explanation to this discrepancy has been addressed herein, by having NK-92 cells as target cells in cytotoxicity reactions using peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Materials and Methods: A time-resolved fluorometric assay (TDA-labeled NK-92 or K562 as target cells) was used for measuring the cytotoxic activity of blood mononuclear cells (PBMC)....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: Long interspersed nuclear element-1 (LINE-1) methylation status is a marker for global DNA methylation. However, the relationship between LINE-1 methylation and the biology of lung adenocarcinoma remains unclear. Here, we aimed to examine the role of LINE-1 in lung cancer. Materials and Methods: LINE-1 methylation levels were quantified by bisulfite pyrosequencing of resected tumor specimens from 162 patients with lung adenocarcinoma. The relationships of LINE-1 methylation with clinicopathological...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The treatment of breast cancer has progressed considerably over the years, with a significant de-escalation from radical mastectomies to the current paradigm of breast conserving surgery (BCS) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). We aimed to appraise the literature regarding the feasibility of de-escalation of treatment of axillary disease in the context of NACT. Materials and Methods: We appraised studies and guidelines published regarding this topic and discussed them in this mini-review....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: To examine the impact of ACA and the association of socioeconomic factors on delay in initial treatment for multiple myeloma (MM). Patients and Methods: Patients diagnosed with MM between 2004-2016 were identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). Time-to-initial treatment (TTI) was defined as the number of days from diagnosis to initial therapy. Patients were classified into quartiles and those belonging to the fourth quartile for TTI constituted the delayed treatment group....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background/Aim: The present study aimed to examine the association of the controlling nutritional status (CONUT) score with outcomes in patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal cancer (EC). Materials and Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out to investigate the impact of the CONUT score in EC. Next, meta-analysis of long-term outcomes was performed. Results: The search found six eligible retrospective studies, and five studies with 952 patients were included in the meta-analysis....
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Background: Pancreatic mass sampling has historically been performed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). However, its sensitivity has been reported to be within a wide range, which limits its reliability. Fine needle biopsy (FNB) has been shown to have superior diagnostic performance and is increasingly replacing fine needle aspiration. In FNA, 25 gauge (G) needles appear to outperform 22G. Data comparing these sizes in FNB platforms is limited. We aimed to prospectively...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 22:06
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 25, 2020 10:00
Therapeutic Hypothermia and Temperature Management, Ahead of Print.
Fri Sep 25, 2020 10:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c06400
Mon Sep 28, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07169
Mon Sep 28, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09296
Mon Sep 28, 2020 07:00
Journal of the American Chemical SocietyDOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c08218
Mon Sep 28, 2020 07:00
Researchers have categorized barthelonids, a group of microscopic anaerobic flagellates, as an early branching Metamonada lineage based on their genetic identity and mitochondrial evolutionary history.
Wed Sep 23, 2020 19:46
Evolution leaves its traces -- in particular -- in genomes. Researchers used '2-n-way' software to determine the relationships between species or individuals and compare any genome of and for anyone.
Mon Sep 28, 2020 20:31
Mechanical impact stress on the vocal fold surface, particularly when excessive, has been postulated to cause the so-called phonotraumatic tissue lesions, such as nodules and polyps. The collision stress between the vocal folds depends on the vocal fold velocity at the time of impact. Hence this vocal fold collision speed is a relevant parameter when considering biomechanical economy of phonation, especially in voice professionals needing a louder voice than normal. Combining a precise photometric...
Mon Sep 28, 2020 03:00
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