Overcoming barriers to effective immunotherapy: MDSCs, TAMs, and Tregs as mediators of the immunosuppressive microenvironment in head and neck cancer

Advances in understanding the role of the immune system in preventing the development and progression of clinically significant cancers have encouraged interest in therapeutic strategies targeting immunity. Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), with its poor prognosis despite refinements in surgical and chemoradiation protocols, is no exception. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) has clarified the common genetic alterations contributing to development and progression of HNSCC, and the rational design of agents targeting specific oncogenic pathways in HNSCC remains a valuable approach that can be effective in subsets of patients [1].

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