Salivary pellicles equalise surfaces’ charges and modulate the virulence of Candida albicans biofilm

Publication date: June 2016
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 66
Author(s): Yuri Wanderley Cavalcanti, Melanie Wilson, Michael Lewis, David Williams, Plínio Mendes Senna, Altair Antoninha Del-Bel-Cury, Wander José da Silva
Numerous environmental factors influence the pathogenesis of Candida biofilm and an understanding of these is necessary for appropriate clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the role of material type, pellicle and stage of biofilm development on the viability, bioactivity, virulence and structure of C. albicans biofilm. The surface roughness (SR) and surface free energy (SFE) of acrylic and titanium discs was measured. Pellicles of saliva, or saliva supplemented with plasma, were formed on acrylic and titanium discs. Candida albicans biofilm were then generated for 1.5h, 24h, 48h and 72h. The cell viability in biofilms was analysed by culture, whilst DNA concentration and the expression of Candida virulence genes (ALS1, ALS3 and HWP1) were evaluated using qPCR. Biofilm metabolic activity was determined using XTT reduction assay, and biofilm structure analysed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Whilst the SR of acrylic and titanium did not significantly differ, the saliva with plasma pellicle increased significantly the total SFE of both surface. The number of viable microorganisms and DNA concentration increased with biofilm development, not differing within materials and pellicles. Biofilms developed on saliva with plasma pellicle surfaces had significantly higher activity after 24h and this was accompanied with higher expression of virulence genes at all periods. In conclusion, induction of C. albicans virulence occurs with the presence of plasma proteins in pellicles, throughout biofilm growth. To mitigate such effects, reduction of increased plasmatic exudate, related to chronic inflammatory response, could aid the management of candidal biofilm-related infections.



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