Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Related Articles

Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;9(6):6342-6349

Authors: Canfeld K, Wells W, Geradts J, Kinlaw WB, Cheng C, Kurokawa M

Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 is best known for its ability to suppress the tumor suppressor p53. However, MDM2 also targets other proteins for proteasomal degradation and accumulating evidence strongly suggests p53-independent roles of MDM2 in cancer. We previously reported that MDM2 promotes degradation of another ubiquitin E3 ligase HUWE1 by ubiquitination, particularly, which confers HER2+ breast cancer cells resistance to the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. However, it remains unclear whether such a mechanism can operate in other cell types, independently of HER2 inhibitors. Moreover, in vivo evidence that supports HUWE1 degradation by MDM2 is missing. In the current study, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze expression levels of MDM2 and HUWE1 in normal organs, two breast cancer cohorts (A, n = 137 and B, n = 27), and a liposarcoma cohort (n = 45). Our results show that HUWE1 is ubiquitously expressed in healthy organs, where the oncoprotein MDM2 is undetectable. Likewise, in the majority of breast cancers regardless of their subtypes, MDM2 is below detectable levels, while HUWE1 is highly expressed. In contrast, in a subset of liposarcoma that is characterized by MDM2 overexpression, only 40% of these showed detectable HUWE1 protein. Importantly, despite the inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein levels, gene expression analysis in independent datasets revealed no such correlation at the mRNA level. Our results demonstrate the first in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis of MDM2-mediated HUWE1 degradation, which may help to understand the regulation of HUWE1 as well as p53-independent roles of MDM2.

PMID: 29375730 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rWS0XF

Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Related Articles

Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;9(6):6342-6349

Authors: Canfeld K, Wells W, Geradts J, Kinlaw WB, Cheng C, Kurokawa M

Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 is best known for its ability to suppress the tumor suppressor p53. However, MDM2 also targets other proteins for proteasomal degradation and accumulating evidence strongly suggests p53-independent roles of MDM2 in cancer. We previously reported that MDM2 promotes degradation of another ubiquitin E3 ligase HUWE1 by ubiquitination, particularly, which confers HER2+ breast cancer cells resistance to the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. However, it remains unclear whether such a mechanism can operate in other cell types, independently of HER2 inhibitors. Moreover, in vivo evidence that supports HUWE1 degradation by MDM2 is missing. In the current study, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze expression levels of MDM2 and HUWE1 in normal organs, two breast cancer cohorts (A, n = 137 and B, n = 27), and a liposarcoma cohort (n = 45). Our results show that HUWE1 is ubiquitously expressed in healthy organs, where the oncoprotein MDM2 is undetectable. Likewise, in the majority of breast cancers regardless of their subtypes, MDM2 is below detectable levels, while HUWE1 is highly expressed. In contrast, in a subset of liposarcoma that is characterized by MDM2 overexpression, only 40% of these showed detectable HUWE1 protein. Importantly, despite the inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein levels, gene expression analysis in independent datasets revealed no such correlation at the mRNA level. Our results demonstrate the first in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis of MDM2-mediated HUWE1 degradation, which may help to understand the regulation of HUWE1 as well as p53-independent roles of MDM2.

PMID: 29375730 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rWS0XF

Histoplasmosis: An oral malignancy-like clinical picture.

Histoplasmosis: An oral malignancy-like clinical picture.

Med Mycol Case Rep. 2018 Mar;19:45-48

Authors: Chroboczek T, Dufour J, Renaux A, Aznar C, Demar M, Couppie P, Adenis A

Abstract
HIV-associated histoplasmosis is mainly misdiagnosed for granulomatous diseases, such as tuberculosis. Nonetheless, malignancy-like lesions have been reported sporadically in HIV-infected patients. Although the main reported lesions are erosive or ulcerated, here a rare case of oral tumor is reported. This case raises the awareness of this presentation, and the importance of accurate identification in the laboratory. Performing systematic specific stains for fungal elements and culture on tissue samples ensures accurate differential diagnosis.

PMID: 29379706 [PubMed]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2noMVTz

"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"[jour]; +32 new citations

32 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"[jour]

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/31

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nsA7uq

Future Oncology; +25 new citations

25 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

Future Oncology

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/31

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2DMQddk

Diffusion Properties and 3D Architecture of Human Lower Leg Muscles Assessed with Ultra-High-Field-Strength Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging and Tractography: Reproducibility and Sensitivity to Sex Difference and Intramuscular Variability.

Diffusion Properties and 3D Architecture of Human Lower Leg Muscles Assessed with Ultra-High-Field-Strength Diffusion-Tensor MR Imaging and Tractography: Reproducibility and Sensitivity to Sex Difference and Intramuscular Variability.

Radiology. 2018 Jan 30;:171330

Authors: Fouré A, Ogier AC, Le Troter A, Vilmen C, Feiweier T, Guye M, Gondin J, Besson P, Bendahan D

Abstract
Purpose To demonstrate the reproducibility of the diffusion properties and three-dimensional structural organization measurements of the lower leg muscles by using diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) assessed with ultra-high-field-strength (7.0-T) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and tractography of skeletal muscle fibers. On the basis of robust statistical mapping analyses, this study also aimed at determining the sensitivity of the measurements to sex difference and intramuscular variability. Materials and Methods All examinations were performed with ethical review board approval; written informed consent was obtained from all volunteers. Reproducibility of diffusion tensor indexes assessment including eigenvalues, mean diffusivity, and fractional anisotropy (FA) as well as muscle volume and architecture (ie, fiber length and pennation angle) were characterized in lower leg muscles (n = 8). Intramuscular variability and sex differences were characterized in young healthy men and women (n = 10 in each group). Student t test, statistical parametric mapping, correlation coefficients (Spearman rho and Pearson product-moment) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used for statistical data analysis. Results High reproducibility of measurements (mean CV ± standard deviation, 4.6% ± 3.8) was determined in diffusion properties and architectural parameters. Significant sex differences were detected in FA (4.2% in women for the entire lower leg; P = .001) and muscle volume (21.7% in men for the entire lower leg; P = .008), whereas architecture parameters were almost identical across sex. Additional differences were found independently of sex in diffusion properties and architecture along several muscles of the lower leg. Conclusion The high-spatial-resolution DTI assessed with 7.0-T MR imaging allows a reproducible assessment of structural organization of superficial and deep muscles, giving indirect information on muscle function. ©RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

PMID: 29381871 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2EqniJh

Robotically Assisted Sonic Therapy as a Noninvasive Nonthermal Ablation Modality: Proof of Concept in a Porcine Liver Model.

Robotically Assisted Sonic Therapy as a Noninvasive Nonthermal Ablation Modality: Proof of Concept in a Porcine Liver Model.

Radiology. 2018 Jan 30;:171544

Authors: Smolock AR, Cristescu MM, Vlaisavljevich E, Gendron-Fitzpatrick A, Green C, Cannata J, Ziemlewicz TJ, Lee FT

Abstract
Purpose To determine the feasibility of creating a clinically relevant hepatic ablation (ie, an ablation zone capable of treating a 2-cm liver tumor) by using robotically assisted sonic therapy (RAST), a noninvasive and nonthermal focused ultrasound therapy based on histotripsy. Materials and Methods This study was approved by the institutional animal use and care committee. Ten female pigs were treated with RAST in a single session with a prescribed 3-cm spherical treatment region and immediately underwent abdominal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Three pigs (acute group) were sacrificed immediately following MR imaging. Seven pigs (chronic group) were survived for approximately 4 weeks and were reimaged with MR imaging immediately before sacrifice. Animals underwent necropsy and harvesting of the liver for histologic evaluation of the ablation zone. RAST ablations were performed with a 700-kHz therapy transducer. Student t tests were performed to compare prescribed versus achieved ablation diameter, difference of sphericity from 1, and change in ablation zone volume from acute to chronic imaging. Results Ablation zones had a sphericity index of 0.99 ± 0.01 (standard deviation) (P < .001 vs sphericity index of 1). Anteroposterior and transverse dimensions were not significantly different from prescribed (3.4 ± 0.7; P = .08 and 3.2 ± 0.8; P = .29, respectively). The craniocaudal dimension was significantly larger than prescribed (3.8 ± 1.1; P = .04), likely because of respiratory motion. The central ablation zone demonstrated complete cell destruction and a zone of partial necrosis. A fibrous capsule surrounded the ablation zone by 4 weeks. On 4-week follow-up images, ablation zone volumes decreased by 64% (P < .001). Conclusion RAST is capable of producing clinically relevant ablation zones in a noninvasive manner in a porcine model. © RSNA, 2018.

PMID: 29381870 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2DR8yC7

Natural Language-based Machine Learning Models for the Annotation of Clinical Radiology Reports.

Natural Language-based Machine Learning Models for the Annotation of Clinical Radiology Reports.

Radiology. 2018 Jan 30;:171093

Authors: Zech J, Pain M, Titano J, Badgeley M, Schefflein J, Su A, Costa A, Bederson J, Lehar J, Oermann EK

Abstract
Purpose To compare different methods for generating features from radiology reports and to develop a method to automatically identify findings in these reports. Materials and Methods In this study, 96 303 head computed tomography (CT) reports were obtained. The linguistic complexity of these reports was compared with that of alternative corpora. Head CT reports were preprocessed, and machine-analyzable features were constructed by using bag-of-words (BOW), word embedding, and Latent Dirichlet allocation-based approaches. Ultimately, 1004 head CT reports were manually labeled for findings of interest by physicians, and a subset of these were deemed critical findings. Lasso logistic regression was used to train models for physician-assigned labels on 602 of 1004 head CT reports (60%) using the constructed features, and the performance of these models was validated on a held-out 402 of 1004 reports (40%). Models were scored by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), and aggregate AUC statistics were reported for (a) all labels, (b) critical labels, and (c) the presence of any critical finding in a report. Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and F1 score were reported for the best performing model's (a) predictions of all labels and (b) identification of reports containing critical findings. Results The best-performing model (BOW with unigrams, bigrams, and trigrams plus average word embeddings vector) had a held-out AUC of 0.966 for identifying the presence of any critical head CT finding and an average 0.957 AUC across all head CT findings. Sensitivity and specificity for identifying the presence of any critical finding were 92.59% (175 of 189) and 89.67% (191 of 213), respectively. Average sensitivity and specificity across all findings were 90.25% (1898 of 2103) and 91.72% (18 351 of 20 007), respectively. Simpler BOW methods achieved results competitive with those of more sophisticated approaches, with an average AUC for presence of any critical finding of 0.951 for unigram BOW versus 0.966 for the best-performing model. The Yule I of the head CT corpus was 34, markedly lower than that of the Reuters corpus (at 103) or I2B2 discharge summaries (at 271), indicating lower linguistic complexity. Conclusion Automated methods can be used to identify findings in radiology reports. The success of this approach benefits from the standardized language of these reports. With this method, a large labeled corpus can be generated for applications such as deep learning. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

PMID: 29381109 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2EqmXX1

The prevalence of ankyloglossia in 302 newborns with breastfeeding problems and sucking difficulties in Barcelona: a descriptive study.

The prevalence of ankyloglossia in 302 newborns with breastfeeding problems and sucking difficulties in Barcelona: a descriptive study.

Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2017 Dec;18(4):319-325

Authors: Ferrés-Amat E, Pastor-Vera T, Rodriguez-Alessi P, Ferrés-Amat E, Mareque-Bueno J, Ferrés-Padró E

Abstract
AIM: Oral and maxillofacial development is influenced by the lingual frenulum and also affects breathing, occlusion, sucking, swallowing, speech, among others. Ankyloglossia in the newborn may result in breastfeeding difficulties: maternal nipple pain and/or erosion or mastitis, poor weight gain and excessively long breastfeeds. The main objective of this work is to study the prevalence of ankyloglossia in newborns with breastfeeding difficulties.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a transversal descriptive study of 302 patients, between 0 and 6 months, who attended the hospital as a result of breastfeeding difficulties. All patients with sucking problems and ankyloglossia were included in this study and followed the multidisciplinary treatment protocol made up of the services of Breastfeeding, Speech Therapy and Orofacial Rehabilitation and Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery.
RESULTS: 1,102 newborns were seen at the paediatric service of Hospital de Nens, Barcelona (Spain) during 2 years; 302 had breastfeeding difficulties and of these, 171 were diagnosed with ankyloglossia (60 girls and 111 boys). Coryllos Grade 3 ankyloglossia was the most prevalent (59.6%) type; 85 infants (49.7%) were exclusively breastfed and 26 (50.35%) were mixed fed (formula and breastfeeding). Only 43 patients had a family history of tongue-tie (25.1%).
CONCLUSION: Ankyloglossia linked to breastfeeding difficulties must be treated by a multidisciplinary team. We have found a high prevalence of the condition since the population studied are newborns with sucking problems. If a frenotomy is necessary, we recommend stimulating suction with myofunctional therapy before and after surgery to avoid scar retraction.

PMID: 29380619 [PubMed - in process]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rQ31KE

Pharyngeal electrical stimulation device for the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia: technology update.

Pharyngeal electrical stimulation device for the treatment of neurogenic dysphagia: technology update.

Med Devices (Auckl). 2018;11:21-26

Authors: Restivo DA, Hamdy S

Abstract
Neurogenic dysphagia (ND) can occur in patients with nervous system diseases of varying etiologies. Moreover, recovery from ND is not guaranteed. The therapeutic approaches for oropharyngeal ND have drastically changed over the last decade, mainly due to a better knowledge of the neurophysiology of swallowing along with the progress of neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies. For this reason, it is a priority to develop a treatment that is repeatable, safe, and can be carried out at the bedside as well as for outpatients. Pharyngeal electrical stimulation (PES) is a novel rehabilitation treatment for ND. PES is carried out via location-specific intraluminal catheters that are introduced transnasally and enable clinicians to stimulate the pharynx directly. This technique has demonstrated increasingly promising evidence in improving swallowing performance in patients with ND associated with stroke and multiple sclerosis, probably by increasing the corticobulbar excitability and inducing cortical reorganization of swallowing motor cortex. In this article, we update the reader as to both the physiologic background and past and current studies of PES in an effort to highlight the clinical progress of this important technique.

PMID: 29379319 [PubMed]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GzKoxw

The current role of glycopeptides in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in not neutropenic adults: the viewpoint of a group of Italian experts.

The current role of glycopeptides in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in not neutropenic adults: the viewpoint of a group of Italian experts.

J Chemother. 2018 Jan 30;:1-15

Authors: Concia E, Viscoli C, Del Bono V, Giannella M, Bassetti M, De Rosa GF, Durante Mangoni E, Esposito S, Giusti M, Grossi P, Menichetti F, Pea F, Petrosillo N, Tumbarello M, Stefani S, Venditti M, Viale P, group of Italian Experts

Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is still an important problem in clinical and therapeutic area, worldwide. In Italy, in recent years, methicillin resistance remained stable, yet considerably high, the percentage of strains of MRSA being around 40%. It was deemed interesting and timely to carry out a consensus conference using the RAND/UCLA method to collect the opinion of a group of experts in infectious diseases on the role of glycopeptides in the management of MRSA infections within several clinical scenarios and namely in pneumonia, bacteremia and endocarditis, joint replacement infections, skin and soft tissue infections, diabetic foot, abdominal infections and central nervous system infections. The scenarios proposed by the Scientific Committee have been validated by a group of experts in infectious diseases and then voted in three meetings of infectious disease specialists. The results obtained on each individual condition were analyzed and therapeutic recommendations on each of these were released.

PMID: 29380676 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2BGuT3p

upper respiratory tract infection; +39 new citations

39 new pubmed citations were retrieved for your search. Click on the search hyperlink below to display the complete search results:

upper respiratory tract infection

These pubmed results were generated on 2018/01/31

PubMed comprises more than millions of citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2no70cm

Use of Mass Spectrometry to Screen Glycan Early Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Use of Mass Spectrometry to Screen Glycan Early Markers in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Front Oncol. 2017;7:328

Authors: de Oliveira RM, Ornelas Ricart CA, Araujo Martins AM

Abstract
Association between altered glycosylation patterns and poor prognosis in cancer points glycans as potential specific tumor markers. Most proteins are glycosylated and functionally arranged on cell surface and extracellular matrix, mediating interactions and cellular signaling. Thereby, aberrant glycans may be considered a pathological phenotype at least as important as changes in protein expression for cancer and other complex diseases. As most serum glycoproteins have hepatic origin, liver disease phenotypes, such as hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), may present altered glycan profile and display important modifications. One of the prominent obstacles in HCC is the diagnostic in advanced stages when patients have several liver dysfunctions, limiting treatment options and life expectancy. The characterization of glycomic profiles in pathological conditions by means of mass spectrometry (MS) may lead to the discovery of early diagnostic markers using non-invasive approaches. MS is a powerful analytical technique capable of elucidating many glycobiological issues and overcome limitations of the serological markers currently applied in clinical practice. Therefore, MS-based glycomics of tumor biomarkers is a promising tool to increase early detection and monitoring of disease.

PMID: 29379771 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2FxvxCt

Weight Loss and Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement during Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cancer of the Oropharynx Do Not Negatively Impact Outcomes.

Weight Loss and Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy Tube Placement during Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Cancer of the Oropharynx Do Not Negatively Impact Outcomes.

Front Oncol. 2017;7:299

Authors: Baine MJ, Dorius T, Bennion N, Smith L, Zhen W, Ganti AK

Abstract
Objectives: Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is standard of care in locally advanced oropharyngeal cancer (LA-OPC). This treatment regimen results in significant acute toxicities. This study investigates the effect of treatment-related toxicity on patient outcomes.
Methods: Patient information was retrospectively collected for patients treated for LA-OPC between 2007 and 2014. Factors analyzed included age, gender, pretreatment ECOG performance status, smoking history, patient BMI prior to and following treatment, tumor histology, disease stage, disease recurrence, incidence, and timing of feeding tube placement, radiation dose received, chemotherapy regimen used and if it was completed, and patient survival. All statistical analysis was provided through the University of Nebraska Medical Center Department of Biostatistics.
Results: 74 patients were identified with a median follow-up of 3.4 years and a median age of 58.5. Most patients were male (87.8%) and had squamous cell histology (98.7%). Most patients underwent chemoradiotherapy alone (98.6%) and received concurrent cisplatin (78.4%) with approximately half (53.4%) receiving all planned chemotherapy. Upon multivariate analysis, both disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were improved by lower pretreatment BMI, increased weight lost during treatment, and lack of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placement prior to treatment initiation. Neither DFS nor OS was impacted by placement of a PEG tube during active treatment.
Conclusion: These data suggest that weight loss and PEG tube placement during chemoradiotherapy for LA-OPC, presumably due to treatment-associated mucositis and xerostomia, are not associated with worse outcomes.

PMID: 29379770 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2Gz0XtQ

Pathological eye movements influence on the recordings of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential.

Related Articles

Pathological eye movements influence on the recordings of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Aug;137(8):807-813

Authors: Yang TH, Chen HL, Young YH

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the influence of pathological eye movements on the recordings of ocular vestibulo-evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP).
METHODS: Ten patients with pathological eye movements of non-vestibular origin (nine congenital nystagmus and one opsoclonus) who had negative MRI result were assigned to Group A. Another 20 vestibular neuritis (VN) patients with spontaneous nystagmus were assigned to Group B. Both groups underwent audiometry, and caloric, oVEMP and cervical VEMP (cVEMP) tests.
RESULTS: In Group A, the caloric, oVEMP and cVEMP tests showed 40%, 55% and 50% abnormalities, respectively. In Group B (VN), caloric, oVEMP and cVEMP tests revealed 100%, 80% and 45% abnormalities on the lesion ears, and 0%, 40% and 0% abnormalities on the healthy (opposite) ears, respectively. The 40% oVEMP abnormality on the healthy ears may be due to recording failure from the presence of spontaneous nystagmus, since five of five VN patients showed normal oVEMPs on the healthy ears, one year after presentation.
CONCLUSIONS: Presence of pathological eye movements may affect the recordings of oVEMP. Thus, the oVEMP test is recommended to perform after acute vertiginous episode to exclude the influence of pathological eye movements on the oVEMP recordings.

PMID: 28323487 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2o7VqQO

A retrospective case control analysis of the efficacy of Gardasil® vaccination in 28 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx.

A retrospective case control analysis of the efficacy of Gardasil® vaccination in 28 patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis of the larynx.

Clin Otolaryngol. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Milner TD, Harrison A, Montgomery J, MacGregor FB, Buchanan MA, MacKenzie K

Abstract
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) of the larynx represents a significant disease burden to patients and the healthcare system The use of HPV 6/11/16/18 vaccination (Gardasil® ) has previously been thought to impact on disease burden in patients with RRP. Gardasil® vaccination did not impact on the number of endolaryngeal surgical procedures required, the interval between procedures, or the number of patients who achieved disease remission in comparison to a control cohort. This study indicates Gardasil® vaccination does not appear to have any effect on disease burden in patients with RRP. The use of a control cohort profiles the natural progression of RRP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 29380936 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rX7wms

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Laurencia catarinensis, Laurencia majuscula and Padina pavonica extracts.

Antimicrobial, antioxidant and anticancer activities of Laurencia catarinensis, Laurencia majuscula and Padina pavonica extracts.

Saudi Pharm J. 2018 Jan;26(1):44-52

Authors: Al-Enazi NM, Awaad AS, Zain ME, Alqasoumi SI

Abstract
The antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of ethanolic extract of Laurencia catarinensis, L. majuscula and Padina pavonica were determined. The highest antibacterial activity; 23.40 ± 0.58 mm (00.98 µg/ml) and 22.60 ± 2.10 mm (03.90 µg/ml) were obtained against Klebsiella pneumonia by Laurencia catarinensis and Padina pavonica, respectively. However, Padina pavonica showed excellent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (21.7 ± 1.5 mm; 1.95 µg/ml), Staphylococcus aureus (21.7 ± 0.58 mm; 1.95 µg/ml), Streptococcus pyogenes (20.7 ± 1.2 mm; 1.95 µg/ml) and Acinetobacter baumannii (20.1 ± 1.2 mm; 3.9 µg/ml). Moreover, the highest antifungal activity; 24.7 ± 2.0 mm (0.98 µg/ml), 23.7 ± 1.5 mm (0.98 µg/ml), 23.6 ± 1.5 mm (0.98 µg/ml) was obtained by Padina pavonica against Candida tropicalis, C. albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus, respectively. The algal extracts showed DPPH radical scavenging activity in a concentration-dependent manner with maximum scavenging activity (77.6%, IC50 = 5.59 µg/ml and 77.07%, IC50 = 14.3 µg/ml) was provided by Padina pavonica and Laurenica majuscula, respectively. The in vitro antitumor activity revealed that the IC50 values of Padina pavonica were 58.9, 115.0, 54.5, 59.0, 101.0, 101.0, and 97.6 µg/ml; Laurencia catarinensis were 55.2, 96.8, 104.0, 78.7, 117.0, 217.0, 169.0 µg/ml; and Laurencia. majuscula were 115.0, 221.0, 225.0, 200.0, 338.0, 242.0, and 189.0 µg/ml; respectively against A-549 (Lung carcinoma), Caco-2 (Intestinal carcinoma), HCT-116 (Colon carcinoma), Hela (Cervical carcinoma), HEp-2 (Larynx carcinoma), HepG-2 (Hepatocellular carcinoma), and MCF-7 (Breast carcinoma) cell lines.

PMID: 29379332 [PubMed]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2DTtBry

Aortic arch compliance and idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Related Articles

Aortic arch compliance and idiopathic unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

J Appl Physiol (1985). 2017 Aug 01;123(2):303-309

Authors: Behkam R, Roberts KE, Bierhals AJ, Jacobs ME, Edgar JD, Paniello RC, Woodson G, Vande Geest JP, Barkmeier-Kraemer JM

Abstract
Unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVP) occurs related to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) impairment associated with impaired swallowing, voice production, and breathing functions. The majority of UVP cases occur subsequent to surgical intervention with approximately 12-42% having no known cause for the disease (i.e., idiopathic). Approximately two-thirds of those with UVP exhibit left-sided injury with the average onset at ≥50 yr of age in those diagnosed as idiopathic. Given the association between the RLN and the subclavian and aortic arch vessels, we hypothesized that changes in vascular tissues would result in increased aortic compliance in patients with idiopathic left-sided UVP compared with those without UVP. Gated MRI data enabled aortic arch diameter measures normalized to blood pressure across the cardiac cycles to derive aortic arch compliance. Compliance was compared between individuals with left-sided idiopathic UVP and age- and sex-matched normal controls. Three-way factorial ANOVA test showed that aortic arch compliance (P = 0.02) and aortic arch diameter change in one cardiac cycle (P = 0.04) are significantly higher in patients with idiopathic left-sided UVP compared with the controls. As previously demonstrated by other literature, our finding confirmed that compliance decreases with age (P < 0.0001) in both healthy individuals and patients with idiopathic UVP. Future studies will investigate parameters of aortic compliance change as a potential contributor to the onset of left-sided UVP.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Unilateral vocal fold paralysis results from impaired function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) impacting breathing, swallowing, and voice production. A large proportion of adults suffering from this disorder have an idiopathic etiology (i.e., unknown cause). The current study determined that individuals diagnosed with left-sided idiopathic vocal fold paralysis exhibited significantly greater compliance than age- and sex-matched controls. These seminal findings suggest a link between aortic arch compliance levels and RLN function.

PMID: 28522763 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rnGPWM

Acoustic analysis of snoring sounds originating from different sources determined by drug-induced sleep endoscopy.

Related Articles

Acoustic analysis of snoring sounds originating from different sources determined by drug-induced sleep endoscopy.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Aug;137(8):872-876

Authors: Peng H, Xu H, Xu Z, Huang W, Jia R, Yu H, Zhao Z, Wang J, Gao Z, Zhang Q, Huang W

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the possibility of fundamental frequency (F0) and formant frequency (FF) to generally differentiate the sources of snoring sounds determined by drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE).
METHODS: A total of 74 snoring subjects underwent DISE and snoring sounds were recorded simultaneously. The noise-suppressed snoring sounds were analyzed and classified into different groups based on the sources of vibration identified by DISE. F0 and FFs were calculated.
RESULTS: Totally, 516 snoring sounds from three vibrating sources (the palate, combined the palate and the lateral wall, the lateral wall) of 47 patients were divided into three groups then analyzed. The levels of F0 and FFs for each group follow the order: Group 1 < Group 2 < Group 3. There was statistical difference between Group 1 and other groups in F0 and F2 (p < .05). The area under the receiver-operator curves (AUC) was F0, at 0.727, and the cut-off value was 134.2 Hz; and F2, at 0.654, and the cut-off value was 2028.0 Hz.
CONCLUSIONS: F0 and the second formant frequency (F2) are found to be significantly lower in palatal snoring sound. F0 might be a significant in distinguishing palatal snoring sound from non-palatal snoring sound. F2 is more significant than F1 and F3 in identifying the sources of the snoring sounds but is less sensitive than F0.

PMID: 28301265 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nA71IS

Extracellular Matrix for Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Replacement: A Review.

Related Articles

Extracellular Matrix for Vocal Fold Lamina Propria Replacement: A Review.

Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2016 Dec;22(6):421-429

Authors: Wrona EA, Peng R, Amin MR, Branski RC, Freytes DO

Abstract
The vocal folds (VFs) are exposed to a number of injurious stimuli that frequently lead to aberrant structural alterations and altered biomechanical properties that clinically manifest as voice disorders. Therapies to restore both structure and function of this delicate tissue are ideal. However, such methods have not been adequately developed. Our group and others hypothesize that tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches, previously described for other tissue systems, hold significant promise for the VFs. In this review, we explore the concept of tissue engineering as it relates to the VFs, as well as recent studies employing both naturally and synthetically derived biomaterials, including those from laryngeal and nonlaryngeal sources, in combination with stem cells for a tissue-engineered approach to VF repair.

PMID: 27316784 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nvqmeX

Octreotide-modified liposomes containing daunorubicin and dihydroartemisinin for treatment of invasive breast cancer.

Octreotide-modified liposomes containing daunorubicin and dihydroartemisinin for treatment of invasive breast cancer.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 30;:1-13

Authors: Ju RJ, Cheng L, Peng XM, Wang T, Li CQ, Song XL, Liu S, Chao JP, Li XT

Abstract
Tumor invasion is considered a major promoter in the initiation of tumor metastasis, which is supposed to cause most cancer-related deaths. In the present study, octreotide (OCT)-modified daunorubicin plus dihydroartemisinin liposomes were developed and characterized. Evaluations were undertaken on breast cancer MDA-MB-435S cells and MDA-MB-435S xenografts nude mice. The liposomes were ∼100 nm in size with a narrow polydispersity index. In vitro results showed that the OCT-modified daunorubicin plus dihydroartemisinin liposomes could enhance cytotoxicity and cellular uptake by OCT-SSTRs (somatostatin receptors)-mediated active targeting, block on tumor cell wound healing and migration by incorporating dihydroartemisinin. The action mechanism might be related to regulations on E-cadherin, α5β1-integrin, TGF-β1, VEGF and MMP2/9 in breast cancer cells. In vivo, the liposomes displayed a prolonged circulating time, more accumulation in tumor location, and a robust overall antitumor efficacy with no obvious toxicity at the test dose in MDA-MB-435S xenograft mice. In conclusion, the OCT-modified daunorubicin plus dihydroartemisinin liposomes could prevent breast cancer invasion, hence providing a possible strategy for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.

PMID: 29381101 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GAnuWX

RNA-Seq investigation and in vivo study the effect of strontium ranelate on ovariectomized rat via the involvement of ROCK1.

RNA-Seq investigation and in vivo study the effect of strontium ranelate on ovariectomized rat via the involvement of ROCK1.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 30;:1-13

Authors: Guo X, Wei S, Lu M, Shao Z, Lu J, Xia L, Lin K, Zou D

Abstract
Strontium ranelate (SrR) is an anti-osteoporosis drug with excellent osteogenic and angiogenic capacity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the osteogenesis and angiogenesis effects of SrR and the underlying mechanism involved. RNA-Seq was conducted to examine the effects of SrR on gene expression in ovariectomy rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (OVX-rBMSCs). To validate the different expressed gene in vitro, the effects of gene interference and overexpression in osteogenic induction environment of OVX-rBMSCs and in primary osteoblasts were studied. RNA-Seq showed that ROCK1 significantly increased after SrR treatment in OVX-rBMSCs, and further validated by real-time PCR and western blotting. Overexpression of ROCK1 promoted osteogenic differentiation of OVX-rBMSCs and induced cell viability and inhibited apoptosis of primary osteoblasts, which was reversed by inhibition of ROCK1 by RNA interference or ROCK1 inhibitor (Y-27632) after SrR treatment. Furthermore, the SrR was loaded on nano-structured hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) particulates to promote osteogenesis and angiogenesis in repairing of the femoral condyle bone defect using ovariectomy rat model. Taken together, ROCK1 is one of the targets that SrR promotes the osteogenic differentiation of OVX-rBMSCs and cell viability of primary osteoblasts, the nano-HAp particles could act as carriers for SrR to repair bone defects.

PMID: 29381089 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2FyHBnf

Gum acacia stabilized silver nanoparticles based nano-cargo for enhanced anti-arthritic potentials of hesperidin in adjuvant induced arthritic rats.

Gum acacia stabilized silver nanoparticles based nano-cargo for enhanced anti-arthritic potentials of hesperidin in adjuvant induced arthritic rats.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 30;:1-11

Authors: Rao K, Aziz S, Roome T, Razzak A, Sikandar B, Jamali KS, Imran M, Jabri T, Shah MR

Abstract
Nanomedicines anticipate drug delivery to inflamed tissues in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with greater efficacy and lesser side effects. This study investigates the anti-arthritic potentials of Hesperidin (HP) loaded in gum acacia (GA) stabilized green silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Synthesized GA-AgNPs were characterized through UV-vis spectrophotometer, zetasizer and atomic force microscope (AFM). The HP and its loaded NPs were tested for RA in Complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model. GA-AgNPs were found in nano-range size with negative charge, spherical shape and loaded increased HP amount. HP loaded GA-AgNPs showed minimal arthritic score exhibiting mild to moderate tissue swelling, reduced degenerative changes along with mild articular changes. Histopathological analysis revealed comparatively lesser influx of inflammatory cells and diminished granulamatous inflammation in ankle joints tissues in the presence of HP loaded GA-AgNPs. RT-PCR revealed that HP loaded GA-AgNPs significantly reduced the TLRs mRNA expression. Results validate GA stabilized green AgNPs as stable nano-cargos for targeted delivery of HP for restoring the progression of RA.

PMID: 29381085 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2E3eDP4

Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 by xanthan-chitosan: preparation and its stability in pure milk.

Microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 by xanthan-chitosan: preparation and its stability in pure milk.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 29;:1-9

Authors: Shu G, He Y, Chen L, Song Y, Meng J, Chen H

Abstract
Xanthan-chitosan (XC) and xanthan-chitosan-xanthan (XCX) were employed for microencapsulation of Bifidobacterium bifidum BB01 using extrusion technique. To optimize the process of B. bifidum BB01 microcapsules based on XC hydrogels, response surface methodology was employed to obtain the best possible combination of chitosan concentration, xanthan-B. bifidum BB01 mixture (XBM)/chitosan, stirring time for the maximum viable count and encapsulation yield. The optimum conditions were: chitosan concentration of 0.84 g·mL-1, XBM/chitosan of 1:9.0, stirring time of 60 min with high viable count and encapsulation yield of 1.52 ± 0.15 × 1010 CFU·g-1, 90 ± 0.65%, respectively. In addition, the effective encapsulation system (XC and XCX) resulted in improvement in survival of B. bifidum BB01 compared to non-encapsulated cells during 3 weeks storage at 4 and 25 °C in pure milk.

PMID: 29378467 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2FtbS6P

5-Fluorouracil ethosomes - skin deposition and melanoma permeation synergism with microwave.

5-Fluorouracil ethosomes - skin deposition and melanoma permeation synergism with microwave.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 29;:1-10

Authors: Khan NR, Wong TW

Abstract
This study focuses on the use of ethosome and microwave technologies to facilitate skin penetration and/or deposition of 5-fluorouracil in vitro and in vivo. Low ethanol ethosomes were designed and processed by mechanical dispersion technique and had their size, zeta potential, morphology, drug content and encapsulation efficiency characterized. The skin was pre-treated with microwave at 2450 MHz for 2.5 min with ethosomes applied topically and subjected to in vitro and in vivo skin drug permeation as well as retention evaluation. The drug and/or ethosomes cytotoxicity, uptake and intracellular trafficking by SKMEL-28 melanoma cell culture were evaluated. Pre-treatment of skin by microwave promoted significant drug deposition in skin from ethosomes in vitro while keeping the level of drug permeation unaffected. Similar observations were obtained in vivo with reduced drug permeation into blood. Combination ethosome and microwave technologies enhanced intracellular localization of ethosomes through fluidization of cell membrane lipidic components as well as facilitating endocytosis by means of clathrin, macropinocytosis and in particularly lipid rafts pathways. The synergistic use of microwave and ethosomes opens a new horizon for skin malignant melanoma treatment.

PMID: 29378453 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2E3ezyO

Passive delivery of protein drugs through transdermal route.

Passive delivery of protein drugs through transdermal route.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 29;:1-16

Authors: Chaulagain B, Jain A, Tiwari A, Verma A, Jain SK

Abstract
Skin is the largest external organ in the human body but its use for therapeutic purposes has been minimal. Stratum corneum residing on the uppermost layer of the skin provides a tough barrier to transport the drugs across the skin. Very small group of drugs sharing Lipinski properties, i.e. drugs having molecular weight not larger than 500 Da, having high lipophilicity and optimum polarity are fortunate enough to be used on skin therapeutics. But, at a time where modern therapeutics is slowly shifting from use of small molecular drugs towards the use of macromolecular therapeutic agents such as peptides, proteins and nucleotides in origin, skin therapeutics need to be evolved accordingly to cater the delivery of these agents. Physical technologies like iontophoresis, laser ablation, micro-needles and ultrasound, etc. have been introduced to enhance skin permeability. But their success is limited due to their complex working mechanisms and involvement of certain irreversible skin damage in some or other way. This review therefore explores the delivery strategies for transport of mainly peptide and protein drugs that do not involve any injuries (non-invasive) to the skin termed as passive delivery techniques. Chemical enhancers, nanocarriers, certain biological peptides and miscellaneous approaches like prodrugs are also thoroughly reviewed for their applications in protein delivery.

PMID: 29378433 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2FyPGs7

Nanocarrier for levodopa Parkinson therapeutic drug; comprehensive benserazide analysis.

Nanocarrier for levodopa Parkinson therapeutic drug; comprehensive benserazide analysis.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2018 Jan 29;:1-13

Authors: Yoosefian M, Rahmanifar E, Etminan N

Abstract
Loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in the midbrain causes Parkinson's disease. L-DOPA, the precursor to the neurotransmitters dopamine, crosses vast majority of physiological and biochemical barriers that dopamine cannot. But most levodopa is decarboxylated to dopamine before it reaches the brain. This causes to little therapeutic gain with strong peripheral side effects. Benserazide is an irreversible inhibitor of peripheral aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase that prevents the breakdown of levodopa in the bloodstream. The challenges are to increase the therapeutic efficiency, the bioavailability and decreasing the unfavourable side effects of Levodopa drug. Biocompatible nano-sized drug carriers could address these challenges at molecular level. Thus calculations of drug loading ability of acid-functionalized CNT for the benserazide as a nanodug carrier complex for L-DOPA were performed. In this regard, evaluation of all adsorption features of the most stable conformer of benserazide molecule onto carboxylated carbon nanotube is critical. To determine the minimum energy conformer of benserazide, the molecular structure and conformational analysis of 512 possible conformers have been subjected to first principle quantum mechanical calculations. Our work established a novel and easy-to-make formulation of benserazide/carboxylated CNT conjugate with extremely high drug loading efficiency of Levodopa for Parkinson disease treatment.

PMID: 29378432 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2E3ev22

Enrolling children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia on a clinical trial improves event-free survival: a population-based study.

Enrolling children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia on a clinical trial improves event-free survival: a population-based study.

Br J Cancer. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Strahlendorf C, Pole JD, Barber R, Dix D, Kulkarni K, Martineau E, Randall A, Stammers D, Strother D, Truong TH, Sung L

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The objectives of this study were to describe the impact of trial enrollment at diagnosis on event-free and overall survival in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemic (ALL) using a population-based approach.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study that included children newly diagnosed with ALL between 1 and 14 years of age. The data source was the Cancer in Young People in Canada (CYP-C) national paediatric cancer population-based database. We conducted univariate and multiple Cox proportional hazards models.
RESULTS: There were 2569 children with ALL; 1408 (54.8%) were enrolled on a clinical trial at initial diagnosis. Event-free survival at 5 years was 89.8%±0.9 vs 84.1%±1.2. (P<0.0001) for those enrolled and not enrolled on a clinical trial, respectively. Overall survival at 5 years was higher for those enrolled (94.1%±0.7) vs not enrolled (90.5%±1.0; P=0.001). In a model that adjusted for demographic, leukaemic and socioeconomic factors, enrollment on trials was significantly associated with better event-free survival (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47-0.95; P=0.023), but not overall survival (HR 0.69, 95% CI 0.44-1.08; P=0.102).
CONCLUSIONS: Event-free survival was significantly better in children with ALL enrolled on a clinical trial. Future research should identify barriers to clinical trial enrollment for children with ALL.British Journal of Cancer advance online publication, 30 January 2018; doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.462 www.bjcancer.com.

PMID: 29381687 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rVq3zt

Personal prostate-specific antigen screening and treatment choices for localized prostate cancer among expert physicians.

Personal prostate-specific antigen screening and treatment choices for localized prostate cancer among expert physicians.

Can Urol Assoc J. 2017 Dec 01;:

Authors: Wallis C, Cheung D, Klotz L, Chalasani V, Leao R, Garisto J, Morton G, Nam R, Tannock I, Satkunasivam R

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine the personal practices of urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists regarding prostate cancer screening and treatment using the physician surrogate method, which seeks to identify acceptable healthcare interventions by ascertaining interventions physicians select for themselves.
METHODS: A hierarchical, contingent survey was developed through a consensus involving urologists, medical oncologists, and radiation oncologists. It was piloted at the University of Toronto and then circulated to urologists, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists through professional medical societies in the U.S., Canada, Central and South America, Australia, and New Zealand. The primary outcome was physicians' personal choices regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening and the secondary outcome was treatment selection among those diagnosed with prostate cancer.
RESULTS: A total of 869 respondents provided consent and completed the survey. Of these, there were 719 urologists, 89 radiation oncologists, nine medical oncologists, and 53 undisclosed specialists. Most (784 of 869 respondents; 90%) endorsed past or future screening for themselves (among male physicians) or for relatives (among female physicians). Among urologists and radiation oncologists making prostate cancer treatment decisions, there was a significant correlation between physician specialty and the treatment selected (Phi coefficient=0.61; p=0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: Physicians who routinely treat prostate cancer are likely to undertake prostate cancer screening themselves or recommend it for immediate family members. Treatment choice is influenced by the well-recognized specialty bias.

PMID: 29381460 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GzQePN

Agreement in DNA methylation levels from the Illumina 450K array across batches, tissues, and time.

Agreement in DNA methylation levels from the Illumina 450K array across batches, tissues, and time.

Epigenetics. 2018 Jan 30;:1-14

Authors: Forest M, O'Donnell KJ, Voisin G, Gaudreau H, MacIsaac JL, McEwen LM, Silveira PP, Steiner M, Kobor MS, Meaney MJ, Greenwood CMT

Abstract
Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have focused primarily on DNA methylation as a chemically stable and functional epigenetic modification. However, the stability and accuracy of the measurement of methylation in different tissues and extraction types is still being actively studied, and the longitudinal stability of DNA methylation in commonly studied peripheral tissues is of great interest. Here, we used data from two studies, three tissue types, and multiple time points to assess the stability of DNA methylation measured with the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip array. Redundancy analysis enabled visual assessment of agreement of replicate samples overall and showed good agreement after removing effects of tissue type, age, and sex. At the probe level, analysis of variance contrasts separating technical and biological replicates clearly showed better agreement between technical replicates versus longitudinal samples, and suggested increased stability for buccal cells versus blood or blood spots. Intraclass correlations (ICCs) demonstrated that inter-individual variability is of similar magnitude to within-sample variability at many probes; however, as inter-individual variability increased, so did ICC. Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate decreasing agreement in methylation levels with time, despite a maximal sampling interval of only 576 days. Finally, at 6 popular candidate genes, there was a large range of stability across probes. Our findings highlight important sources of technical and biological variation in DNA methylation across different tissues over time. These data will help to inform longitudinal sampling strategies of future EWAS.

PMID: 29381404 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2DNTBRo

Parent perspectives on information about late effects of childhood cancer treatment and their role in initial treatment decision making.

Parent perspectives on information about late effects of childhood cancer treatment and their role in initial treatment decision making.

Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Greenzang KA, Dauti A, Mack JW

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Though most childhood cancer survivors experience late effects of treatment, we know little about parent preferences for late effects information during therapy, or how parents weigh late effects when making treatment decisions. Our objective was to explore how parents of children with cancer consider late effects in initial treatment decision making and during active cancer treatment.
METHODS: Semistructured interviews were conducted with 12 parents of children with cancer who were actively receiving treatment at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Ten of 12 parents reported that they had to decide between two or more treatment options for their child's cancer. Of those, 50% (5/10) considered late effects to be an important factor in their decision making. Most parents wanted early and detailed information about their child's risk of late effects to make treatment decisions and to feel prepared for the future. However, a few parents felt too overwhelmed to focus on late effects at diagnosis. While many recalled extensive late effects information in informed consent discussions, some parents felt these issues were minimally addressed.
CONCLUSION: Parents desire detailed information about late effects to make informed treatment decisions and prepare for the future. Despite the role of late effects in treatment decision making, some parents feel that late effects are either inadequately addressed or too overwhelming to process at diagnosis. Parents may benefit from early assessment of their information needs and a return to these issues over time.

PMID: 29380535 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rSCAUm

It is time to move forward into the era of Theranostics.

It is time to move forward into the era of Theranostics.

EJNMMI Res. 2018 Jan 30;8(1):9

Authors: Ahmadzadehfar H, Essler M

Abstract
Radionuclide therapy, which until 15 years ago included only a few approved therapies, is gaining importance in the treatment of various malignancies. The future of oncology will not be limited to surgery, chemo-, antibody therapies or external radiation; it will include targeted therapy with radionuclides, which will become the standard of care for a variety of malignant diseases in combination or as an alternative to other therapies. Therefore there is a need to train Nuclear Oncologists, who are able to approach oncological diseases, promote development of radiopharmacy, understand the biology of radionuclide treatment, apply radionuclide treatments and be able to use molecular imaging such as PET/CT and SPECT/CT for treatment planning and dosimetry.

PMID: 29380088 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GwQHlP

A prospective clinical study of the implications of IL-8 in the diagnosis, aggressiveness and prognosis of prostate cancer.

A prospective clinical study of the implications of IL-8 in the diagnosis, aggressiveness and prognosis of prostate cancer.

Future Sci OA. 2018 Feb;4(2):FSO266

Authors: Roumeguère T, Legrand F, Rassy EE, Kaitouni MI, Albisinni S, Rousseau A, Vanhaeverbeek M, Rorive S, Decaestecker C, Debeir O, Boudjeltia KZ, Aoun F

Abstract
Aim: We evaluated the relationship between IL-8 and prostate cancer (PCa) with emphasis on diagnosis, aggressiveness and prognosis.
Materials & methods: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum IL-8 were collected from patients undergoing prostate biopsy. IL-8 expression was evaluated on immunohistochemistry with IL-8 labeling index. Complete follow-up of this cohort was achieved over a period of up to 6 years with continuous follow-up of PSA levels.
Results: Among 135 patients, serum IL-8 level did not correlate to the diagnosis or aggressiveness of PCa. In 52 radical prostatectomy specimens, a higher IL-8 labeling index was detected in the tumor areas (0.4 ± 0.2 vs 0.33 ± 0.2; p = 0,007) but did not correlate to any of the prognostic markers: D'Amico classification (p = 0.52), Gleason score (p = 0.45), perineural (p = 0.83) and capsular invasion (p = 0.75). No correlation was found to PSA biochemical-free failure.
Conclusion: IL-8 serum level was not a significant predictor of diagnosis, aggressiveness or prognosis of PCa.

PMID: 29379640 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rVq5az

Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach with metastasis to the liver: a case report with review of the literature.

Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach with metastasis to the liver: a case report with review of the literature.

Future Sci OA. 2018 Feb;4(2):FSO264

Authors: Mehta V, Rajawat M, Rastogi S, Phulware RH, Mezencev R

Abstract
Leiomyosarcoma of the stomach is a very rare malignancy that was not distinguished from the more frequent gastrointestinal stromal tumors until early 2000s. Here we report on a case of a metastatic disease that developed in a 47-year-old man 2 years after he was diagnosed with the primary tumor and treated with curative surgical excision and adjuvant doxorubicin. The primary and metastatic lesions were positive for smooth muscle markers α-smooth muscle actin and h-caldesmon and negative for CD117, DOG-1 and S100 by immunohistochemistry. Metastatic disease progressed on additional monotherapy with doxorubicin and docetaxel-gemcitabine combination, and stable disease was achieved upon treatment with pazopanib. Patient is surviving 35 months since diagnosis of the primary tumor and 11 months since diagnosis of metastatic disease.

PMID: 29379638 [PubMed]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GAPKcc

Galectin-1 is a poor prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma multiforme after radiotherapy.

Galectin-1 is a poor prognostic factor in patients with glioblastoma multiforme after radiotherapy.

BMC Cancer. 2018 Jan 30;18(1):105

Authors: Chou SY, Yen SL, Huang CC, Huang EY

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Galectin-1, a radioresistance marker, was found in our previous study to be a prognostic factor for cervical cancer. The aim of current study is to determine the prognostic significance of the galectin-1 expression level in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy (RT).
METHODS: We included 45 patients with GBM who were treated with maximal safe surgical resection or biopsy alone followed by adjuvant RT of EQD2 (equivalent dose in 2-Gy fractions) > or = 60 Gy for homogeneous treatment. Paraffin-embedded tissues acquired from the Department of Pathology were analyzed using immunohistochemical staining for galectin-1 expression. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS).
RESULTS: Patients with weak expression had a better median survival (27.9 months) than did those with strong expression (10.7 months; p = 0.009). We compared characteristics between weak and strong galectin-1 expression, and only the expression level of galectin-3 showed a correlation. The group with weak galectin-1 expression displayed a 3-year OS of 27.3% and a 3-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) of 27.3%; these values were only 5.9% and 7.6%, respectively, in the group with strong galectin-1 expression (p = 0.009 and 0.020, respectively). Cox regression was used to confirm that the expression level of galectin-1 (weak vs. strong) is a significant factor of OS (p = 0.020) and CSS (p = 0.022). Other parameters, such as the expression level of galectin-3, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance, gender, surgical method, age ≥ 50 years, tumor size, or radiation field were not significant factors.
CONCLUSION: The expression level of galectin-1 affects survival in patients with GBM treated with adjuvant RT. Future studies are required to analyze the effect of other factors, such as O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)-promoter methylation status, in patients with weak and strong galectin-1 expression.

PMID: 29378529 [PubMed - in process]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2BGSVuV

Cervical Excision Procedure: A Trend of Decreasing Length of Excision Observed in a Multicenter Survey.

Related Articles

Cervical Excision Procedure: A Trend of Decreasing Length of Excision Observed in a Multicenter Survey.

J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2017 Oct;21(4):279-283

Authors: Ciavattini A, Clemente N, Liverani CA, Cattani P, Giannella L, Delli Carpini G, Morini S, Buttignol M, Sopracordevole F, Italian Society of Colposcopy and Cervico-Vaginal Pathology (SICPCV).

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to observe the trend of length of cone excisions in women treated with cervical excision procedure in five institutions of Central and Northern Italy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted on women who underwent a cervical excision procedure between January 2006 and December 2014. The pertinent clinical, histopathological, and sociodemographic characteristics of each woman were collected. In particular, the length of the cone specimen was evaluated and all of the factors that potentially influenced the length of excision were considered.
RESULTS: A total of 1482 women who underwent a cervical excision procedure from January 2006 to December 2014 were included. A mean (SD) cone length of 12.9 (5.0) mm was reported, and mostly, a significant decrease during the whole study period emerged. Age (r = 0.1, p = .007) and preoperative diagnosis of glandular lesions (r = 0.1, p < .001) were significantly related to the length of cone excision on multivariate analysis. Compared with the carbon dioxide laser excisional procedure, loop electrosurgical excision procedure showed a negative correlation with the length of excision (r = -0.2, p < .001).
CONCLUSIONS: During the study period, a significant decrease in the length of cone excision was observed, probably reflecting the gynecologists' acquired awareness of the increased risk of adverse obstetric outcomes for future pregnancies in the case of wide cone excisions.

PMID: 28953119 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rPYIPu

Evidence-Based Consensus Recommendations for Colposcopy Practice for Cervical Cancer Prevention in the United States.

Related Articles

Evidence-Based Consensus Recommendations for Colposcopy Practice for Cervical Cancer Prevention in the United States.

J Low Genit Tract Dis. 2017 Oct;21(4):216-222

Authors: Wentzensen N, Massad LS, Mayeaux EJ, Khan MJ, Waxman AG, Einstein MH, Conageski C, Schiffman MH, Gold MA, Apgar BS, Chelmow D, Choma KK, Darragh TM, Gage JC, Garcia FAR, Guido RS, Jeronimo JA, Liu A, Mathews CA, Mitchell MM, Moscicki AB, Novetsky AP, Papasozomenos T, Perkins RB, Silver MI, Smith KM, Stier EA, Tedeschi CA, Werner CL, Huh WK

Abstract
The American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology (ASCCP) Colposcopy Standards recommendations address the role of colposcopy and directed biopsy for cervical cancer prevention in the United States (US). The recommendations were developed by an expert working group appointed by ASCCP's Board of Directors. An extensive literature review was conducted and supplemented by a systematic review and meta-analysis of unpublished data. In addition, a survey of practicing colposcopists was conducted to assess current colposcopy practice in the US. Recommendations were approved by the working group members, and the final revisions were made based on comments received from the public. The recommendations cover terminology, risk-based colposcopy, colposcopy procedures, and colposcopy adjuncts. The ASCCP Colposcopy Standards recommendations are an important step toward raising the standard of colposcopy services delivered to women in the US. Because cervical cancer screening programs are currently undergoing important changes that may affect colposcopy performance, updates to some of the current recommendations may be necessary in the future.

PMID: 28953109 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GxENrz

What do radiation oncologists require for future advancements in lung SBRT?

Related Articles

What do radiation oncologists require for future advancements in lung SBRT?

Phys Med. 2017 Dec;44:150-156

Authors: Ricardi U, Badellino S, Filippi AR

Abstract
Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is a well established therapeutic option for patients affected with peripheral early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), given the positive clinical evidence accumulated so far on its efficacy and safety. SBRT is regarded as the best choice for inoperable patients, and could also be offered as an alternative to surgery to selected operable patients. More recently, its use for lung metastases progressively increased, and SBRT is now regarded as a low toxic and highly effective local therapy for lung oligometastases from different primary tumors, especially colorectal cancer. Improved planning and delivery techniques have facilitated over the years its use on large and/or centrally located primary tumors, and multiple nodules. Given the successful applications and the current wide dissemination of this technique, clinicians are now faced with an increasingly complex and multi-variable decision process. Some clinically relevant factors are still uncertain, and strategies are needed to reduce the risk of both local and distant failures. Secondly, aspects related to target delineation, dose prescription, image guidance and treatment planning still need to be fully addressed; this may hamper, at least for now, the standardization of SBRT procedures through different Institutions making any kind of direct outcomes comparison difficult. We here aim to provide a perspective on the current role of lung SBRT and its critical aspects, highlighting the potential future developments.

PMID: 27914779 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gYlg7f

Combination of temsirolimus and adriamycin exhibits an enhanced antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Related Articles

Combination of temsirolimus and adriamycin exhibits an enhanced antitumor effect in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol. 2017 Mar;41(2):197-203

Authors: Kang HG, Wang BZ, Zhang J, Liu MR, Li YX

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The oncogenic PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is frequently activated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to investigate the anti-HCC effect of combination of temsirolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, and adriamycin, a routinely used drug for treating HCC.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Proliferation of HCC cells exposure to temsirolimus, adriamycin, and their combination was determined using MTT assay in vitro as well as in a nude mice model in vivo. Cell apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. Expressions of apoptosis-related proteins including caspase-9, -3, PARP, Bax, and Bcl-2 were determined using Western blotting.
RESULTS: Temsirolimus plus adriamycin showed an enhanced inhibitory effect on cell proliferation compared to temsirolimus or adriamycin in HCC cells PLC/PRF/5, BEL7402, and HuH7 in vitro. The drug combination solicited a higher percentage of apoptosis cells and induced higher levels of cleaved caspase-9, -3, and PARP than temsirolimus or adriamycin used alone. The ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased in cells exposed to the combination treatment. The enhanced anti-tumor effect of this drug combination was verified in a nude mice model. We also observed that half doses of temsirolimus and adriamycin used in combination achieved a comparable tumor growth inhibitor rate with full dose of temsirolimus or adriamycin used alone.
CONCLUSION: Temsirolimus plus adriamycin exhibited an enhanced antitumor effect in HCC and this drug combination might have a potential value in treatment of HCC. Studies are warranted to comprehensively evaluate the efficacy and safety of this regimen in the future.

PMID: 27863926 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2gs86Ce

Mortality after esophagectomy is heavily impacted by center volume: retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Related Articles

Mortality after esophagectomy is heavily impacted by center volume: retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

Surg Endosc. 2017 Jun;31(6):2491-2497

Authors: Fuchs HF, Harnsberger CR, Broderick RC, Chang DC, Sandler BJ, Jacobsen GR, Bouvet M, Horgan S

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The effects of hospital volume on in-hospital mortality after esophageal resection are disputed in the literature. We sought to analyze treatment effects in patient subpopulations that undergo esophagectomy for cancer based on hospital volume.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1998 to 2011. Patients who underwent open or laparoscopic transhiatal and transthoracic esophageal resection were identified using ICD-9 codes. Patients <18 years and those with peritoneal disease were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used with mortality as the independent variable to evaluate the effect of low (<6), intermediate (6-19), and high (≥20) hospital volume of esophagectomies. These analyses were repeated in different subsets of patients to determine whether hospital volume affected mortality depending on the subpopulation evaluated. Subgroups were created depending on age, race, gender, operative approach, comorbidities, and tumor pathology.
RESULTS: A total of 23,751 patients were included. The overall perioperative mortality rate was 7.7 % (low volume: 11.4 %; intermediate volume: 8.39 %, high volume: 4.01 %), and multivariate analysis revealed that high hospital volume had a protective effect (OR 0.54, 95 % CI 0.45-0.65). On subgroup analyses for low- and intermediate-volume hospitals, mortality was uniformly elevated for the subpopulations when comparing to high-volume hospitals (p < 0.05). There was no difference in mortality between low- and medium-volume hospitals and between subgroups.
CONCLUSION: No lower mortality risk subgroup could be identified in this nationwide collective. This analysis emphasizes that perioperative mortality after esophagectomy for cancer is lower in high-volume hospitals.

PMID: 27660245 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2cUnwiH

HER2-HER3 dimer quantification by FLIM-FRET predicts breast cancer metastatic relapse independently of HER2 IHC status.

Related Articles

HER2-HER3 dimer quantification by FLIM-FRET predicts breast cancer metastatic relapse independently of HER2 IHC status.

Oncotarget. 2016 Aug 09;7(32):51012-51026

Authors: Weitsman G, Barber PR, Nguyen LK, Lawler K, Patel G, Woodman N, Kelleher MT, Pinder SE, Rowley M, Ellis PA, Purushotham AD, Coolen AC, Kholodenko BN, Vojnovic B, Gillett C, Ng T

Abstract
Overexpression of HER2 is an important prognostic marker, and the only predictive biomarker of response to HER2-targeted therapies in invasive breast cancer. HER2-HER3 dimer has been shown to drive proliferation and tumor progression, and targeting of this dimer with pertuzumab alongside chemotherapy and trastuzumab, has shown significant clinical utility. The purpose of this study was to accurately quantify HER2-HER3 dimerisation in formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) breast cancer tissue as a novel prognostic biomarker.FFPE tissues were obtained from patients included in the METABRIC (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium) study. HER2-HER3 dimerisation was quantified using an improved fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) histology-based analysis. Analysis of 131 tissue microarray cores demonstrated that the extent of HER2-HER3 dimer formation as measured by Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) determined through FLIM predicts the likelihood of metastatic relapse up to 10 years after surgery (hazard ratio 3.91 (1.61-9.5), p = 0.003) independently of HER2 expression, in a multivariate model. Interestingly there was no correlation between the level of HER2 protein expressed and HER2-HER3 heterodimer formation. We used a mathematical model that takes into account the complex interactions in a network of all four HER proteins to explain this counterintuitive finding.Future utility of this technique may highlight a group of patients who do not overexpress HER2 protein but are nevertheless dependent on the HER2-HER3 heterodimer as driver of proliferation. This assay could, if validated in a group of patients treated with, for instance pertuzumab, be used as a predictive biomarker to predict for response to such targeted therapies.

PMID: 27618787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2cX7QGS

Conditional Risk of Relapse in Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer.

Related Articles

Conditional Risk of Relapse in Surveillance for Clinical Stage I Testicular Cancer.

Eur Urol. 2017 Jan;71(1):120-127

Authors: Nayan M, Jewett MA, Hosni A, Anson-Cartwright L, Bedard PL, Moore M, Hansen AR, Chung P, Warde P, Sweet J, O'Malley M, Atenafu EG, Hamilton RJ

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Patients on surveillance for clinical stage I (CSI) testicular cancer are counseled regarding their baseline risk of relapse. The conditional risk of relapse (cRR), which provides prognostic information on patients who have survived for a period of time without relapse, have not been determined for CSI testicular cancer.
OBJECTIVE: To determine cRR in CSI testicular cancer.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: We reviewed 1239 patients with CSI testicular cancer managed with surveillance at a tertiary academic centre between 1980 and 2014. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: cRR estimates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. We stratified patients according to validated risk factors for relapse. We used linear regression to determine cRR trends over time.
RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS: At orchiectomy, the risk of relapse within 5 yr was 42.4%, 17.3%, 20.3%, and 12.2% among patients with high-risk nonseminomatous germ cell tumor (NSGCT), low-risk NSGCT, seminoma with tumor size ≥3cm, and seminoma with tumor size <3cm, respectively. However, for patients without relapse within the first 2 yr of follow-up, the corresponding risk of relapse within the next 5 yr in the groups was 0.0%, 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.3-1.7%), 5.6% (95% CI 3.1-8.2%), and 3.9% (95% CI 1.4-6.4%). Over time, cRR decreased (p≤0.021) in all models. Limitations include changes to surveillance protocols over time and few late relapses.
CONCLUSIONS: After 2 yr, the risk of relapse on surveillance for CSI testicular cancer is very low. Consideration should be given to adapting surveillance protocols to individualized risk of relapse based on cRR as opposed to static protocols based on baseline factors. This strategy could reduce the intensity of follow-up for the majority of patients.
PATIENT SUMMARY: Our study is the first to provide data on the future risk of relapse during surveillance for clinical stage I testicular cancer, given a patient has been without relapse for a specified period of time.

PMID: 27527805 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2rTOihM

DCE MRI of prostate cancer.

Related Articles

DCE MRI of prostate cancer.

Abdom Radiol (NY). 2016 05;41(5):844-53

Authors: Berman RM, Brown AM, Chang SD, Sankineni S, Kadakia M, Wood BJ, Pinto PA, Choyke PL, Turkbey B

Abstract
DCE MRI is an established component of multi-parametric MRI of the prostate. The sequence highlights the vascularization of cancerous lesions, allowing readers to corroborate suspicious findings on T2W and DW MRI and to note subtle lesions not visible on the other sequences. In this article, we review the technical aspects, methods of evaluation, limitations, and future perspectives of DCE MRI.

PMID: 27193787 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GupAHP

Anatomical and histological study of the deep neck fasciae: does the alar fascia exist?

Anatomical and histological study of the deep neck fasciae: does the alar fascia exist?

Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Jan 29;:

Authors: Gavid M, Dumollard JM, Habougit C, Lelonge Y, Bergandi F, Peoc'h M, Prades JM

Abstract
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine whether the alar fascia is a distinct layer of the deep cervical neck fasciae. The present study also aimed to elucidate the anatomical limits of this fascia.
METHODS: Neck dissections of ten adult cadavers were performed, layer by layer, in the retropharyngeal region, under a powered operating microscope. Detailed dissections revealed the anatomical limits of the deep neck fasciae. Histological descriptions were also performed on large tissue samples collected from three cervical dissections.
RESULTS: In the ten dissections, three layers of fascia were identified and dissected in the retropharyngeal region: a visceral fascia, a prevertebral fascia and an alar fascia. The alar fascia appeared like a connecting band derivative of the visceral fascia, between both vascular sheaths. It fused completely with the visceral fascia anteriorly at the level of T2 and with the prevertebral fascia posteriorly at the level of C1. No sagittal connection between the visceral fascia and the prevertebral fascia was identified. The stained histological sections confirmed the presence of the visceral and prevertebral fasciae at the oropharyngeal level, with a third intermediate layer closely connected with the visceral fascia.
CONCLUSION: The alar fascia is a layer of the cervical neck fascia connected with the visceral fascia from C1 to T2 levels. The anatomical limits of this alar fascia and its relationships with the internal carotid artery are important in the surgical management and the prognosis of deep neck infections and retropharyngeal lymph node metastases.

PMID: 29380103 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2novn9X

Circumportal pancreas: prevalence, subtypes and vascular variations of 55 patients.

Circumportal pancreas: prevalence, subtypes and vascular variations of 55 patients.

Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Jan 27;:

Authors: Yilmaz E, Celik A

Abstract
PURPOSE: To determine the frequency of circumportal pancreas (CP), and accompanying ductal and vascular anatomy variations.
METHODS: Thin-section multidetector computed tomography of 6813 consecutive patients was retrospectively reviewed. Two radiologists evaluated CP presence with consensus. Concomitant pancreatic ductal and vascular variations were recorded. The course of the pancreatic duct was classified according to the portal vein as anteportal and retroportal, and pancreas fusion level classified according to splenic vein as suprasplenic, infrasplenic and mixed type.
RESULTS: A total of 55 (0.8%) CP cases were detected. Six suprasplenic subtype cases were excluded from the classification, because the pancreatic ducts were not clearly distinguishable. Suprasplenic anteportal (45/49, 92%), infrasplenic anteportal (2/49, 4%), suprasplenic retroportal (1/49, 2%), and mixed anteportal subtypes (1/49, 2%) were detected. There were vascular variations in 16 cases (29%). 13/16 (81%) of vascular variations were detected on suprasplenic anteportal subtype. Most of them were replaced right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery (n: 6).
CONCLUSIONS: CP is a rare but important pancreatic fusion anomaly. Suprasplenic anteportal CP is the most common subtype and other subtypes are very rare. Replaced right hepatic artery from the superior mesenteric artery is the most frequent vascular variation associated with CP. Identifying the CP and defining the pancreatic duct and vascular variations are important to prevent possible complications in patients undergoing pancreatic surgery.

PMID: 29380102 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2BHHinC

History of intranasal splints.

History of intranasal splints.

J Laryngol Otol. 2018 Jan 30;:1-4

Authors: Lau J, Elhassan HA, Singh N

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Intranasal splints have long been utilised as a post-operative adjunct in septoplasty, intended to reduce the risk of adhesions and haematoma formation, and to maintain alignment during healing.
METHODS: A Medline literature review of the history and evolution of intranasal splint materials and designs was performed. Advantages and disadvantages of various splints are discussed.
RESULTS: Intranasal splints fashioned from X-ray film were first reported in 1955. Since then, a variety of materials have been utilised, including polyethylene coffee cup lids, samarium cobalt magnets and dental utility wax. Most contemporary splints are produced from silicon rubber or polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). Designs have varied in thickness, flexibility, shape, absorption and the inclusion of built-in airway tubes. Future directions in splint materials and designs are discussed.
CONCLUSION: Intranasal splints have steadily evolved since 1955, with numerous novel innovations. Despite their simplicity, they play an important role in nasal surgery and will continue to evolve over time.

PMID: 29380712 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2GxXtHJ

Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):441-446

Authors: Vemuri NV, Karanam LSP, Manchikanti V, Dandamudi S, Puvvada SK, Vemuri VK

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs due to a defect in the dura and skull base. Trauma remains the most common cause of CSF leak; however, a significant number of cases are iatrogenic, and result from a complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Early diagnosis of CSF leak is of paramount importance to prevent life-threatening complications such as brain abscess and meningitis. Imaging plays a crucial role in the detection and characterization of CSF leaks. Three-dimensional, isotropic, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) accurately detects the site and size of the bony defect. CT cisternography, though invasive, helps accurately identify the site of CSF leak, especially in the presence of multiple bony defects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately detects CSF leaks and associated complications such as the encephaloceles and meningoceles. In this review, we emphasize the importance and usefulness of 3D T2 DRIVE MR cisternography in localizing CSF leaks. This sequence has the advantages of effective bone and fat suppression, decreased artefacts, faster acquisition times, three-dimensional capability, y and high spatial resolution in addition to providing very bright signal from the CSF.

PMID: 29379240 [PubMed]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2FyJFvA

Clinico-social factors to choose radioactive iodine dose in differentiated thyroid cancer patients: an Asian survey.

Clinico-social factors to choose radioactive iodine dose in differentiated thyroid cancer patients: an Asian survey.

Nucl Med Commun. 2018 Jan 29;:

Authors: Jabin Z, Kwon SY, Bom HS, Lin Y, Yang K, Inaki A, Dewi AR, Al-Ibraheem AN, Balooshi BA, San Luis TOL, Thyroid Study Group of the Asia Oceania Research Initiative Network (AORIN)

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: This survey was designed to investigate the practice of radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy and clinico-social factors related to RAI dose in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients among Asian countries.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey questionnaire was mailed to Asian Nuclear Medicine physicians that addressed the infrastructure, general regulations on RAI therapy, adherence to recommendations, RAI dose selection, factors to elevate RAI dose, and follow-up protocols in DTC patients. Contrived RAI practice recommendations were based on key international guidelines.
RESULTS: A total of 38 institutes of 20 Asian countries were enrolled. Dose administration criterion was 30 mCi, but release criterion was variable (5-70 μSv/h). When the administered RAI dose was classified according to three risk stratifications, RAI dose distribution was variable, especially in the low-risk group. In this group, 14.0% of respondents preferred no ablation, 54.5% were treated with 0-30 mCi, 21.5% were treated with 30-50 mCi, and 10.0% were administered even higher doses of 80-100 mCi. The major factors that influenced the elevated RAI doses in the respondents included high serum thyroglobulin (Tg), inadequate information on lymph node involvement, and histopathology reporting. Although serum Tg measurement is included in most of the institutes as a follow-up tool, neck ultrasound was omitted in 25% and in another 25% a whole-body scan was not included.
CONCLUSION: Different RAI dose ranges are used in the low-risk group probably because the enrolled physicians consider RAI dose elevation on the basis of clinico-social factors beyond pre-existed guidelines. Our study may enable closer harmonization of RAI therapy practice in Asian countries.

PMID: 29381585 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2nqg4NW

Automated EEG sleep staging in the term-age baby using a Generative Modelling approach.

Automated EEG sleep staging in the term-age baby using a Generative Modelling approach.

J Neural Eng. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Pillay K, Dereymaeker A, Jansen K, Naulaers G, Van Huffel S, De Vos M

Abstract
<i>Objective</i>. We develop a method for automated four-state sleep classification of preterm and term-born babies at term-age of 38-40 weeks postmenstrual age (the age since the last menstrual cycle of the mother) using multichannel Electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. At this critical age, EEG differentiates from broader Quiet Sleep (QS) and Active Sleep (AS) stages to four, more complex states, and the quality and timing of this differentiation is indicative of the level of brain development. However, existing methods for automated sleep classification remain focussed only on QS and AS sleep classification. <i>Approach.</i> EEG features were calculated from 16 EEG recordings, in 30s epochs, and personalized feature scaling used to correct for some of the inter-recording variability, by standardizing each recording's feature data using its mean and standard deviation. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs) were trained, with the HMM incorporating knowledge of the sleep state transition probabilities. Performance of the GMM and HMM (with and without scaling) were compared, and Cohen's kappa agreement calculated between the estimates and clinicians' visual labels. <i>Main results.</i> For four-state classification, the HMM proved superior to the GMM. With the inclusion of personalized feature scaling, mean kappa (± standard deviation) was 0.62 (±0.16) compared to the GMM value of 0.55 (±0.15). Without feature scaling, kappas for the HMM and GMM dropped to 0.56 (±0.18) and 0.51 (±0.15), respectively. <i>Significance.</i> This is the first study to present a successful method for the automated staging of four-states in term-age sleep using multichannel EEG. Results suggested a benefit in incorporating transition information using an HMM, and correcting for inter-recording variability through personalized feature scaling. Determining the timing and quality of these states are indicative of developmental delays in both preterm and term-born babies that may lead to learning problems by school age. .

PMID: 29380744 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2DRfXBy

Real-time classification of auditory sentences using evoked cortical activity in humans.

Real-time classification of auditory sentences using evoked cortical activity in humans.

J Neural Eng. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Moses DA, Leonard M, Chang EF

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Recent research has characterized the anatomical and functional basis of speech perception in the human auditory cortex. These advances have made it possible to decode speech information from activity in brain regions like the superior temporal gyrus, but no published work has demonstrated this ability in real-time, which is necessary for neuroprosthetic brain-computer interfaces.
APPROACH: Here, we introduce a real-time Neural Speech Recognition (rtNSR) software package, which was used to classify spoken input from high-resolution electrocorticography signals in real-time. We tested the system with two human subjects implanted with electrode arrays over the lateral brain surface. Subjects listened to multiple repetitions of ten sentences, and rtNSR classified what was heard in real-time from neural activity patterns using direct sentence-level and HMM-based phoneme-level classification schemes.
MAIN RESULTS: We observed single-trial sentence classification accuracies of 90% or higher for each subject with less than 7 minutes of training data, demonstrating the ability of rtNSR to use cortical recordings to perform accurate real-time speech decoding in a limited vocabulary setting.
SIGNIFICANCE: Further development and testing of the package with different speech paradigms could influence the design of future speech neuroprosthetic applications.

PMID: 29378977 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #PM All via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2Er8JVX

Sinonasal seromucinous hamartoma.

Sinonasal seromucinous hamartoma.

Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Huang YW, Kuo YJ, Ho CY, Lan MY

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Seromucinous hamartoma (SH) is a rare benign glandular proliferation of the sinonasal tract and nasopharynx. Only few cases have been reported in recent years.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective medical record review of seven patients diagnosed with sinonasal SH who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery.
RESULTS: There were 5 males and 2 females, ranged in age from 40 to 98 years (mean 60 years, SD ± 18.9). Two lesions arise from middle turbinate, two from uncinate process, and 3 (but 4 specimens) from nasal septum. Pathological features revealed a polypoid lesion with submucosal proliferation of seromucinous glands arranged in lobular and haphazard patterns. In immunohistochemical study, the seromucinous glands of SH were reactive for cytokeratin, including CK7, CK19, HMWK, but negative for CK20.
CONCLUSION: Sinonasal SH is a rare diagnosis characterized by a polypoid lesion with a haphazard proliferation of seromucinous glands. The rhinologists should consider it in the differential diagnosis of a polypoid lesion in the nasal cavity.

PMID: 29380040 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

from #ENT-PubMed via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2EscXwt