Abstract
Background
Pollen food syndrome (PFS) is heterogeneous with regard to triggers, severity, natural history, comorbidities and response to treatment. Our study aims to classify different endotypes of PFS based on IgE sensitization to panallergens.
Methods
We examined 1271 Italian children (age 4-18y) with seasonal allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (SAR). Foods triggering PFS were acquired by questionnaire. Skin prick tests were performed with commercial pollen extracts. IgE to panallergens: Phl p 12 (profilin), Bet v 1 (PR-10) and Pru p 3 (nsLTP), were tested by ImmunoCAP FEIA. An unsupervised hierarchical agglomerative clustering method was applied within PFS population.
Results
PFS was observed in 300/1271 children (24%). Cluster analysis identified five PFS endotypes linked to panallergen IgE sensitization: 1) Co-sensitization to ≥2 panallergens ("multi-panallergen PFS"); 2-4) sensitization to either profilin, or nsLTP, or PR-10 ("mono-panallergen PFS"); 5) no sensitization to panallergens ("no-panallergen PFS"). These endotypes showed peculiar characteristics: 1) "multi-panallergen PFS": severe disease with frequent allergic comorbidities and multiple offending foods; 2) "Profilin PFS": OAS triggered by Cucurbitaceae; 3) "LTP PFS": living in Southern Italy, OAS triggered by hazelnut and peanut; 4) "PR-10 PFS": OAS triggered by Rosaceae; 5) "no-panallergen" PFS: mild disease and OAS triggered by kiwifruit .
Conclusions
In a Mediterranean country characterized by multiple pollen exposures, PFS is a complex and frequent complication of childhood SAR, with five distinct endotypes marked by peculiar profiles of IgE sensitization to panallergens. Prospective studies in cohorts of PFS patients are now required to test whetherthis novel classification may be useful for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes in the clinical practice.
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