How do these two techniques for reconstructive breast surgery compare in terms of complications and outcomes?
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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Κυριακή 31 Ιουλίου 2016
Diep vs Pedicled Tram Flap Outcomes After Breast Surgery
Validation of criteria for the definition of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations using high-resolution manometry
Abstract
Background
Criteria for transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) are well-defined for Dentsleeve manometry. As high-resolution manometry (HRM) is now the gold standard to assess esophageal motility, our aim was to propose a consensus definition of TLESRs using HRM.
Methods
Postprandial esophageal HRM combined with impedance was performed in 10 patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations identification was performed by 17 experts using a Delphi process. Four investigators then characterized TLESR candidates that achieved 100% agreement (TLESR events) and those that achieved less than 25% agreement (non-events) after the third round. Logistic regression and decision tree analysis were used to define optimal diagnostic criteria.
Key Results
All diagnostic criteria were more frequently encountered in the 57 TLESR events than in the 52 non-events. Crural diaphragm (CD) inhibition and LES relaxation duration >10 seconds had the highest predictive value to identify TLESR. Based on decision tree analysis, reflux on impedance, esophageal shortening, common cavity, upper esophageal sphincter relaxation without swallow and secondary peristalsis were alternate diagnostic criteria.
Conclusion & Inferences
Using HRM, TLESR might be defined as LES relaxation occurring in absence of swallowing, lasting more than 10 seconds and associated with CD inhibition.
A consensus definition of transient lower espohageal sphincter relaxation (TLESR) using high resolution manometry is proposed. TLESR is defined as LES relaxation occurring in absence of swallowing, lasting more than 10 seconds and associated with crural definition inhibition. Reflux on impedance, esophageal shortening, common cavity, upper esophageal sphincter relaxation without swallow and secondary peristalsis are alternate diagnostic criteria.
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Effects of scFOS on the composition of fecal microbiota and anxiety in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study
Abstract
Background
Short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) have beneficial effects in subjects with minor digestive complaints, but the potential mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. The aim of the study was to evaluate changes in rectal sensitivity related to the clinical effects of scFOS in a selected group of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and rectal hypersensitivity.
Methods
In 79 IBS patients (defined by Rome III criteria) with rectal hypersensitivity (defined as discomfort threshold ≤44 g) a parallel, placebo-controlled, randomized, and double-blind study was performed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation (5 g d−1) with scFOS vs placebo for 4 weeks on rectal sensitivity (primary outcome: tolerance to increasing wall tension applied by a tensostat), clinical outcomes (IBS, anxiety/depression and quality of life scores) and composition of fecal microbiota.
Key Results
Rectal discomfort threshold, and IBS and quality of life scores, significantly improved during treatment, but in a similar manner in both scFOS and placebo groups; a post-hoc analysis showed that the effect of scFOS on rectal sensitivity was more pronounced in constipation-predominant-IBS patients (P=.051 vs placebo). Contrary with placebo, scFOS significantly reduced anxiety scores and increased fecal Bifidobacteria (P<.05 for both) without modifying other bacterial groups.
Conclusions & Interfences
The effect of scFOS on anxiety may be related to modulation of the gut microbiota; demonstration of effects of scFOS on rectal sensitivity may require higher doses and may depend on the IBS subgroup.
Our aim was to evaluate the effects of short-chain fructooligosaccharides (scFOS) on rectal sensitivity, fecal microbiota, and symptoms in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Rectal sensitivity improved with scFOS and placebo alike; however, scFOS, but not placebo, significantly increased fecal Bifidobacteria and reduced anxiety score.
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Sulfate-reducing bacteria slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion in mice
Abstract
Background
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) serves as a mammalian cell-derived gaseous neurotransmitter. The intestines are exposed to a second source of this gas by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Bismuth subsalicylate binds H2S rendering it insoluble. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that SRB may slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion.
Methods
Eighty mice were randomized to five groups consisting of Live SRB, Killed SRB, SRB+Bismuth, Bismuth, and Saline. Desulfovibrio vulgaris, a common strain of SRB, was administered by gavage at the dose of 1.0 × 109 cells along with rhodamine, a fluorescent dye. Intestinal transit was measured 50 minutes after gavage by euthanizing the animals, removing the small intestine between the pyloric sphincter and the ileocecal valve and visualizing the distribution of rhodamine across the intestine using an imaging system (IVIS, Perkin-Elmer). Intestinal transit (n=50) was compared using geometric center (1=minimal movement, 100=maximal movement). H2S concentration (n=30) was also measured when small intestinal luminal content was allowed to generate this gas.
Key Results
The Live SRB group had slower intestinal transit as represented by a geometric center score of 40.2 ± 5.7 when compared to Saline: 73.6 ± 5.7, Killed SRB: 77.9 ± 6.9, SRB+Bismuth: 81.0 ± 2.0, and Bismuth: 73.3 ± 4.2 (P<.0001). Correspondingly, the Live SRB group had the highest luminal H2S concentration of 4181.0 ± 968.0 ppb compared to 0 ± 0 ppb for the SRB+Bismuth group (P<.0001).
Conclusions & Inferences
Live SRB slow intestinal transit in a bismuth-reversible fashion in mice. Our results demonstrate that intestinal transit is slowed by SRB and this effect could be abolished by H2S-binding bismuth.
Desulfovibrio vulgaris, common colonic sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), slow small intestinal transit in mice. This slowing effect was not seen when the bacteria are heat-killed suggesting that the slowing effect is dependent on metabolic activity of live SRB.
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Esophageal dysfunction in different stages of Parkinson's disease
Abstract
Background
Dysphagia is a clinically relevant symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) leading to pronounced reduction in quality of life and other severe complications. Parkinson's disease-related dysphagia may affect the oral and pharyngeal, as well as the esophageal phase of swallowing.
Methods
To examine the nature and extend of esophageal dysphagia in different stages of PD and their relation to oropharyngeal dysfunction, we examined 65 PD patients (mean age 66.3±9.7 years, mean disease duration 7.9±5.8 years, mean Hoehn & Yahr [H&Y] stage 2.89±0.91) and divided into three groups (early [H&Y I+II; n=21], intermediate [H&Y III; n=25], and advanced stadium [H&Y IV+V; n=19]), using esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) to detect esophageal motor disorders. Oropharyngeal impairment was assessed using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing.
Key Results
Major esophageal motor disorders were detected in nearly one third of the PD patients. Minor impairment of the esophageal body was present in 95% of participants and throughout all disease stages with pathological findings especially in peristalsis and intrabolus pressure (IBP). The IBP was found to significantly increase in the advanced stadium. Although dysfunction of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters was observed in individual patients, alterations in these esophageal segments revealed no statistical significance compared with normative data. No clear association was found between the occurrence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and esophageal impairment.
Conclusions & Inferences
Esophageal body impairment in PD is a frequent phenomenon during all disease stages, which possibly reflects α-synucleinopathy in the enteric nervous system.
In patients with Parkinson's disease, esophageal motor impairment seems to be a widespread affection occurring during all stages of the disease. Using high-resolution manometry, for the first time, a detailed description of occurrence and patterns of esophageal impairment was possible. Our findings indicate an early involvement of alpha-synucleinopathy in the enteric nervous system of the tubular esophagus.
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Recommendations for pharmacological clinical trials in children with irritable bowel syndrome: the Rome foundation pediatric subcommittee on clinical trials
Abstract
Background
There is little published evidence of efficacy for the most commonly used treatments. Thus, there is an urgent need to conduct clinical trials on existing and novel therapies.
Purpose
In order to address these issues the Rome Foundation and members of the Pediatric Committee of the European Medicines Agency formed a subcommittee on clinical trials to develop guidelines for the design of clinical trials in children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The following recommendations are based on evidence from published data when available and expert opinion.
Key recommendations
The subcommittee recommends randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trials to assess the efficacy of new drugs. The combined endpoints for abdominal pain are a decrease in intensity of at least 30% compared with baseline and to meet or exceed the Reliable Change Index (RCI) for the sample. Stool consistency is measured with the Bristol Stool Scale Form (BSFS). The subcommittee recommends as entry criteria for abdominal pain a weekly average of worst abdominal pain in past 24 h of at least 3.0 on a 0–10 point scale or at least 30 mm in 100 mm Visual Analog Scale. For stool endpoints the committee recommends an average stool consistency lower than 3 in the BSFS during the run-in period for clinical trials on IBS-C and an average stool consistency greater than 5 in the BSFS during the run-in period for clinical trials on IBS-D. Changes in stool consistency are the primary endpoints for both IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) and IBS with constipation (IBS-C).
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Efficacy of topical therapy of irrigation with syringe and the influence of the middle turbinate in sinus penetration of solutions
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Guilherme Henrique Wawginiak, Leonardo Balsalobre, Eduardo Macoto Kosugi, João Paulo Mangussi-Gomes, Raul Ernesto Samaniego, Aldo Cassol Stamm
IntroductionThe topical therapies are the best postoperative treatment option for chronic rhinosinusitis, especially those with high volume and pressure, such as the squeeze bottles. However, they are not an available option in Brazil, where irrigation syringes are used.ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy of topical sinonasal therapy with syringe and the influence of this process on the middle turbinate.MethodsIntervention study in training models (S.I.M.O.N.T.). After standard dissection, three interventions were performed (Nasal Spray 4 puffs, 60-mL syringe and 240-mL Squeeze Bottle) with normal and Sutured Middle Turbinate. Images of each sinus were captured after the interventions, totaling 144 images. The images were classified by 10 evaluators according to the amount of residual volume from zero to 3, with zero and 1 being considered poor penetration and 2 and 3, good penetration. The 1440 evaluations were used in this study.ResultsConsidering all middle turbinate situations, the amount of good penetrations were 8.1% for Spray; 68.3% for Syringe, and 78.3% for Squeeze (p<0.0001). Considering all types of interventions, the Normal Middle Turbinate had 48.2% of good penetrations and the Sutured Middle Turbinate, 55% (p=0.01). Considering only Sutured Middle Turbinate, there was no difference between the interventions with Syringe and Squeeze (76.3% vs. 80.4%; p=0.27).ConclusionTopical therapy of irrigation with a 60-mL syringe was more effective than that with nasal spray. The status of the middle turbinate proved to be fundamental and influenced topical therapy. Irrigation with syringe was as effective as the squeeze bottle when the middle turbinate was sutured to the nasal septum.
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Profile and prevalence of hearing complaints in the elderly
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Magda Aline Bauer, Ângela Kemel Zanella, Irênio Gomes Filho, Geraldo de Carli, Adriane Ribeiro Teixeira, Ângelo José Gonçalves Bós
IntroductionHearing is essential for the processing of acoustic information and the understanding of speech signals. Hearing loss may be associated with cognitive decline, depression and reduced functionality.ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of hearing complaints in elderly individuals from Rio Grande do Sul and describe the profile of the study participants with and without hearing complaints.Methods7315 elderly individuals interviewed in their homes, in 59 cities in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, participated in the study. Inclusion criteria were age 60 years or older and answering the question on auditory self-perception. For statistical purposes, the chi-square test and logistic regression were performed to assess the correlations between variables.Results139 elderly individuals who did not answer the question on auditory self-perception and 9 that self-reported hearing loss were excluded, totaling 7167 elderly participants. Hearing loss complaint rate was 28% (2011) among the elderly, showing differences between genders, ethnicity, income, social participation. The mean age of the elderly without hearing complaints was 69.44 (±6.91) and among those with complaint, 72.8 (±7.75) years. Elderly individuals without hearing complaints had 5.10 (±3.78) years of study compared to 4.48 (±3.49) years among those who had complaints. Multiple logistic regression observed that protective factors for hearing complaints were: higher level of schooling, contributing to the family income and having received health care in the last six months. Risk factors for hearing complaints were: older age, male gender, experiencing difficulty in leaving home and carrying out social activities.ConclusionsAmong the elderly population of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the prevalence of hearing complaints reached 28%. The complaint is more often present in elderly men who did not participate in the generation of family income, who did not receive health care, performed social and community activities, had a lower level of schooling and were older.
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Bilateral multifocal inverted papilloma with osseous metaplasia of the sinonasal cavity
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Lokman Uzun, Seyma Ozkanli, M. Tayyar Kalcioglu, Numan Kokten, Cigdem Kafkasli
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Preoperative vestibular assessment protocol of cochlear implant surgery: an analytical descriptive study
Publication date: Available online 31 July 2016
Source:Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology
Author(s): Roseli S.M. Bittar, Eduardo Setsuo Sato, Douglas Jósimo Silva Ribeiro, Robinson Koji Tsuji
IntroductionCochlear implants are undeniably an effective method for the recovery of hearing function in patients with hearing loss.ObjectiveTo describe the preoperative vestibular assessment protocol in subjects who will be submitted to cochlear implants.MethodsOur institutional protocol provides the vestibular diagnosis through six simple tests: Romberg and Fukuda tests, assessment for spontaneous nystagmus, Head Impulse Test, evaluation for Head Shaking Nystagmus and caloric test.Results21 patients were evaluated with a mean age of 42.75±14.38 years. Only 28% of the sample had all normal test results. The presence of asymmetric vestibular information was documented through the caloric test in 32% of the sample and spontaneous nystagmus was an important clue for the diagnosis. Bilateral vestibular areflexia was present in four subjects, unilateral arreflexia in three and bilateral hyporeflexia in two. The Head Impulse Test was a significant indicator for the diagnosis of areflexia in the tested ear (p=0.0001). The sensitized Romberg test using a foam pad was able to diagnose severe vestibular function impairment (p=0.003).ConclusionThe six clinical tests were able to identify the presence or absence of vestibular function and function asymmetry between the ears of the same individual.
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Editorial Board/ Publication Information
Publication date: August 2016
Source:Molecular Immunology, Volume 76
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APS - Diagnostics and challenges for the future
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): V. Pengo, E. Bison, G. Zoppellaro, S. Padayattil Jose, G. Denas, A. Hoxha, A. Ruffatti, A. Banzato
Diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is essentially based on the detection of circulating antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies. Progress have been made on the standardization of tests exploring the presence of aPL as guidelines on coagulation and immunological tests were recently published in the literature. Clinical relevance of aPL profile has come from prospective cohort studies in populations with a homogeneous antibody profile supporting the view that triple positivity is a high risk pattern in patients and carriers. In addition to the classic ones, several other tests have been proposed for the diagnosis of APS. The detection of antibodies directed to domain 1 and 4/5 of β2-Glycoprotein I (β2GP1) were found to be particularly sound. Several issues remain to be addressed. We do not yet know what is the physiological function of β2GP1 and the pathophysiology of thrombosis and pregnancy loss in these patients. Moreover, treatment is poorly defined especially in the case of feared catastrophic APS.
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Complement and thrombosis in the antiphospholipid syndrome
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Kenji Oku, Hiroyuki Nakamura, Michihiro Kono, Kazumasa Ohmura, Masaru Kato, Toshiyuki Bohgaki, Tetsuya Horita, Shinsuke Yasuda, Olga Amengual and, Tatsuya Atsumi
The involvement of complement activation in the pathophysiology of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was first reported in murine models of antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-related pregnancy morbidities. We previously reported that complement activation is prevalent and may function as a source of procoagulant cell activation in the sera of APS patients. Recently, autoantibodies against C1q, a component of complement 1, were reported to be correlated with complement activation in systemic lupus erythematosus. These antibodies target neoepitopes of deformed C1q bound to various molecules (i.e., anionic phospholipids) and induce accelerated complement activation. We found that anti-C1q antibodies are more frequently detected in primary APS patients than in control patients and in refractory APS patients with repeated thrombotic events. The titre of anti-C1q antibodies was significantly higher in refractory APS patients than in APS patients without flare. The binding of C1q to anionic phospholipids may be associated with the surge in complement activation in patients with anti-C1q antibodies when triggered by 'second-hit' biological stressors such as infection. Such stressors will induce overexpression of anionic phospholipids, with subsequent increases in deformed C1q that is targeted by anti-C1q antibodies.
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Tolerogenic dendritic cells for reprogramming of lymphocyte responses in autoimmune diseases
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): Paulina García-González, Gabriela Ubilla-Olguín, Diego Catalán, Katina Schinnerling, Juan Carlos Aguillón
Dendritic cells (DCs) control immune responses by driving potent inflammatory actions against external and internal threats while generating tolerance to self and harmless components. This duality and their potential to reprogram immune responses in an antigen-specific fashion have made them an interesting target for immunotherapeutic strategies to control autoimmune diseases. Several protocols have been described for in vitro generation of tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs) capable of modulating adaptive immune responses and restoring tolerance through different mechanisms that involve anergy, generation of regulatory lymphocyte populations, or deletion of potentially harmful inflammatory T cell subsets. Recently, the capacity of tolDCs to induce interleukin (IL-10)-secreting regulatory B cells has been demonstrated. In vitro assays and rodent models of autoimmune diseases provide insights to the molecular regulators and pathways enabling tolDCs to control immune responses. Here we review mechanisms through which tolDCs modulate adaptive immune responses, particularly focusing on their suitability for reprograming autoreactive CD4+ effector T cells. Furthermore, we discuss recent findings establishing that tolDCs also modulate B cell populations and also examine on clinical trials applying tolDCs to patients with autoimmune diseases.
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From VGKC to LGI1 and Caspr2 encephalitis: The evolution of a disease entity over time
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Autoimmunity Reviews
Author(s): A. van Sonderen, M.W.J. Schreurs, P.W. Wirtz, P.A.E. Sillevis Smitt, M.J. Titulaer
A wide variety of clinical syndromes has been associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channels (VGKCs). Six years ago, it was discovered that patients do not truly have antibodies to potassium channels, but to associated proteins. This enabled the distinction of three VGKC-positive subgroups: anti-LGI1 patients, anti-Caspr2 patients and VGKC-positive patients lacking both antibodies. Patients with LGI1-antibodies have a limbic encephalitis, often with hyponatremia, and about half of the patients have typical faciobrachial dystonic seizures. Caspr2-antibodies cause a more variable syndrome of peripheral or central nervous system symptoms, almost exclusively affecting older males. Immunotherapy seems to be beneficial in patients with antibodies to LGI1 or Caspr2, stressing the need for early diagnosis. Half of the VGKC-positive patients lack antibodies to both LGI1 and Caspr2. This is a heterogeneous group of patients with a wide variety of clinical syndromes, raising the question whether VGKC-positivity is truly a marker of disease in these patients. Data regarding this issue are limited, but a recent study did not show any clinical relevance of VGKC-positivity in the absence of antibodies to LGI1 and Caspr2. The three VGKC-positive subgroups are essentially different, therefore, the lumping term 'VGKC-complex antibodies' should be abolished.
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T-cell receptor–mediated cross-reactivity to different allergens is driven by recognition of homologous, phylogenetically conserved epitopes
Source:Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
Author(s): Samuele E. Burastero
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Release of PACAP-38 in episodic cluster headache patients – an exploratory study
Activation of the trigeminal-autonomic reflex, involving the trigeminal ganglion, the superior salivatory nucleus and the sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) is crucial in the pathophysiology of cluster headache (CH...
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How light attenuation and filler content affect the microhardness and polymerization shrinkage and translucency of bulk-fill composites?
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the microhardness, polymerization shrinkage, and translucency of bulk-fill composites (BFCs) which have different light attenuation properties and filler contents.
Materials and methods
Five BFCs [Filtek Bulk Fill (FB), SureFil SDR (SS), Venus Bulk Fill (VB), SonicFill (SF), and Tetric N-Ceram Bulk Fill (TB)] and two resin-based composites (RBCs) [Tetric N-Ceram (TN) and Filtek Z350XT Flowable (ZF)] were chosen. Numbers of transmitted photons, refractive index, microhardness at different thicknesses, polymerization shrinkage, and translucency parameter (TP) were evaluated.
Results
Attenuation coefficients (ACs) based on measured photons ranged from −0.88 to −1.90. BFCs, except SF, had lower AC values than TN or ZF, and BFCs, except TN, had smaller refractive index decreases between top and bottom surfaces. Regardless of an exponential decrease in photon counts, microhardness decreased linearly as specimen thickens. Moreover, microhardness of BFCs showed smaller top-to-bottom decreases (11.5–48.8 %) than TN or ZF (57.3 and 71.5 %, respectively). BFCs with low filler contents showed lower microhardness and higher polymerization shrinkage than those of high filler contents. Also, BFCs had significantly higher (p < 0.001) TP values than TN or ZF.
Conclusion
BFCs attenuated light less than RBCs. However, some BFCs had much lower top surface microhardness and higher polymerization shrinkage than tested RBCs.
Clinical relevance
Despite the convenience of bulk filling, careful selection of BFC is advised because some BFCs have worse microhardness and polymerization shrinkage than RBCs due to their lower filler contents.
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Multilayer costal grafts to prevent cartilage deformation: an experimental study
Abstract
Background
Cartilage grafting is a common procedure in nasal reconstruction or dorsal augmentation. Costal cartilage is usually preferred to conchal or septal cartilage when a larger amount of graft is required, although this cartilage type is often complicated by postoperative warping. To overcome this complication, we suggest the use of multilayer costal grafts. This study aims to compare single-layer and multilayer costal grafts concerning angle of warpage, cartilage viability, and architectural changes in the animal model.
Methods
Twelve costal grafts were harvested from a fresh Landrace pig cadaver; six were shaped in single-layer grafts and six into a multilayer structure, both having the same thickness. These grafts were implanted in subcutaneous dorsal skin pockets of six athymic nude rats. After 8 weeks, the animals were euthanized and the grafts removed. Pictures of the cartilages were acquired. The samples were processed and stained for histological (hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian blue, Von Kossa, Masson-Goldner trichrome, and Verhoeff/Van Gieson stains) and immunohistochemical (GFAP) analyses.
Results
A higher grade of deformation was observed in the single-layer group compared to the multilayer one (5.2° vs 0.3°). Multilayer cartilage showed significantly higher chondrocyte density (70.4 vs 44.9 cells per field at 40×) and the lowest loss of nuclei in chondrocyte lacunae percentage (0.03 vs 3.2 %). Single-layer grafts also showed sporadic inflammatory cell infiltration, not found in multilayer ones.
Conclusions
Multilayer grafts showed a decreased degree of warping as well as an increased viability and should be considered as a valuable alternative in nasal reconstruction.
Level of evidence: Not ratable
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Liverpool Opinion on Unfavorable Results in Microsurgical Head and Neck Reconstruction
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Clinics in Plastic Surgery
Author(s): James Brown, Andrew Schache, Chris Butterworth
Teaser
This article annotates a philosophy toward achieving best results for the patient with head and neck cancer, in particular relating to oral, mandibular, and maxillary resection. At the same time are highlighted the pitfalls that, if not avoided, are likely to result in a poor outcome even with a successful flap transfer. There is a paucity of evidence to support clinical practice in head and neck reconstruction such that much of the discussion presented is opinion-based rather than evidence-based.from #ENT via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2amjMyQ
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The neural underpinnings of reading skill in deaf adults
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 160
Author(s): Karen Emmorey, Stephen McCullough, Jill Weisberg
We investigated word-level reading circuits in skilled deaf readers (N=14; mean reading age=19.5years) and less skilled deaf readers (N=14; mean reading age=12years) who were all highly proficient users of American Sign Language. During fMRI scanning, participants performed a semantic decision (concrete concept?), a phonological decision (two syllables?), and a false-font control task (string underlined?). No significant group differences were observed with the full participant set. However, an analysis with the 10 most and 10 least skilled readers revealed that for the semantic task (vs. control task), proficient deaf readers exhibited greater activation in left inferior frontal and middle temporal gyri than less proficient readers. No group differences were observed for the phonological task. Whole-brain correlation analyses (all participants) revealed that for the semantic task, reading ability correlated positively with neural activity in the right inferior frontal gyrus and in a region associated with the orthography-semantics interface, located anterior to the visual word form area. Reading ability did not correlate with neural activity during the phonological task. Accuracy on the semantic task correlated positively with neural activity in left anterior temporal lobe (a region linked to conceptual processing), while accuracy on the phonological task correlated positively with neural activity in left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (a region linked to syllabification processes during speech production). Finally, reading comprehension scores correlated positively with vocabulary and print exposure measures, but not with phonological awareness scores.
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Proverb comprehension in individuals with agenesis of the corpus callosum
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 160
Author(s): Jamie L. Rehmel, Warren S. Brown, Lynn K. Paul
Comprehension of non-literal language involves multiple neural systems likely involving callosal connections. We describe proverb comprehension impairments in individuals with isolated agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) and normal-range general intelligence. Experiment 1 compared Gorham Proverb Test (Gorham, 1956) performance in 19 adults with AgCC and 33 neurotypical control participants of similar age, sex, and intelligence. Experiment 2 used the Proverbs subtest of the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System (D-KEFS, 2001) to compare 19 adults with AgCC and 17 control participants with similar age, sex, and intelligence. Gorham Proverbs performance was impaired in the AgCC group for both the free-response and multiple-choice tasks. On the D-KEFS proverbs test, the AgCC group performed significantly worse on the free-response task (and all derivative scores) despite normal levels of performance on the multiple-choice task. Covarying verbal intelligence did not alter these outcomes. However, covarying a measure of non-literal language comprehension considerably reduced group differences in proverb comprehension on the Gorham test, but had little effect on the D-KEFS group differences. The difference between groups seemed to be greatest when participants had to generate their own interpretation (free response), or in the multiple choice format when the test included many proverbs that were likely to be less familiar. Taken together, the results of this study clearly show that proverb comprehension is diminished in individuals with AgCC compared to their peers.
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The neural circuits recruited for the production of signs and fingerspelled words
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 160
Author(s): Karen Emmorey, Sonya Mehta, Stephen McCullough, Thomas J. Grabowski
Signing differs from typical non-linguistic hand actions because movements are not visually guided, finger movements are complex (particularly for fingerspelling), and signs are not produced as holistic gestures. We used positron emission tomography to investigate the neural circuits involved in the production of American Sign Language (ASL). Different types of signs (one-handed (articulated in neutral space), two-handed (neutral space), and one-handed body-anchored signs) were elicited by asking deaf native signers to produce sign translations of English words. Participants also fingerspelled (one-handed) printed English words. For the baseline task, participants indicated whether a word contained a descending letter. Fingerspelling engaged ipsilateral motor cortex and cerebellar cortex in contrast to both one-handed signs and the descender baseline task, which may reflect greater timing demands and complexity of handshape sequences required for fingerspelling. Greater activation in the visual word form area was also observed for fingerspelled words compared to one-handed signs. Body-anchored signs engaged bilateral superior parietal cortex to a greater extent than the descender baseline task and neutral space signs, reflecting the motor control and proprioceptive monitoring required to direct the hand toward a specific location on the body. Less activation in parts of the motor circuit was observed for two-handed signs compared to one-handed signs, possibly because, for half of the signs, handshape and movement goals were spread across the two limbs. Finally, the conjunction analysis comparing each sign type with the descender baseline task revealed common activation in the supramarginal gyrus bilaterally, which we interpret as reflecting phonological retrieval and encoding processes.
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Visual dorsal stream is associated with Chinese reading skills: A resting-state fMRI study
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 160
Author(s): Yi Qian, Yanchao Bi, Xiaosha Wang, Yi-Wei Zhang, Hong-Yan Bi
The present study explored the relationship between visual dorsal stream and Chinese reading by resting-state fMRI technique. We collected the resting-state brain activities and reading skills of Chinese-speaking adult readers. The results showed that the values of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in right posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and left visual middle temporal area (MT) (two regions of dorsal stream) were significantly correlated with rapid naming (RAN) speed, and the ALFF values of right PPC were correlated with orthographic awareness (OA). Further resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) analysis revealed that RAN speed was related to RSFCs between dorsal stream areas and reading areas (e.g., left fusiform gyrus, bilateral middle occipital gyrus). OA was correlated with RSFCs between right PPC and left middle occipital gyrus. It suggested that spontaneous activities of visual dorsal stream, as well as connection between it and reading-related areas, were highly associated with Chinese reading skills.
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Adjective conjunction as a window into the LATL’s contribution to conceptual combination
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 160
Author(s): Eva B. Poortman, Liina Pylkkänen
Though a large literature implicates the left anterior temporal lobe (LATL) for combinatory operations, recent MEG studies have suggested that it is specifically involved in the composition of complex concepts, rather than syntactic or semantic composition in a more general sense. To further specify the computational contribution of the LATL, we tested whether LATL effects as observed in MEG require a situation in which features combine to form a single coherent entity representation or whether the relevant computation simply requires the attribution of features to a set but not necessarily to the same members of the set. Under the former hypothesis, the LATL would be sensitive to the number of features added to the representation of a single entity whereas under the latter account, LATL activity would reflect the total number of features integrated across different members of a set. To test this, we employed conjunctions of two adjectives whose lexical semantics were varied such that they either allowed or disallowed the attribution of their denoted properties to the same members of a set, i.e., the properties were either compatible or incompatible. The compatible properties resulted in so-called intersective and the incompatible in so-called collective readings. Our results show that the LATL tracks the number of features attributed to an individual as opposed to the number of features attributed to a set. Interestingly, the reverse pattern was found in the right ATL, demonstrating that although this region often shows parallel effects to the LATL, its functional contribution is clearly distinct.
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Neural encoding of the speech envelope by children with developmental dyslexia
Publication date: September 2016
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 160
Author(s): Alan J. Power, Lincoln J. Colling, Natasha Mead, Lisa Barnes, Usha Goswami
Developmental dyslexia is consistently associated with difficulties in processing phonology (linguistic sound structure) across languages. One view is that dyslexia is characterised by a cognitive impairment in the "phonological representation" of word forms, which arises long before the child presents with a reading problem. Here we investigate a possible neural basis for developmental phonological impairments. We assess the neural quality of speech encoding in children with dyslexia by measuring the accuracy of low-frequency speech envelope encoding using EEG. We tested children with dyslexia and chronological age-matched (CA) and reading-level matched (RL) younger children. Participants listened to semantically-unpredictable sentences in a word report task. The sentences were noise-vocoded to increase reliance on envelope cues. Envelope reconstruction for envelopes between 0 and 10Hz showed that the children with dyslexia had significantly poorer speech encoding in the 0–2Hz band compared to both CA and RL controls. These data suggest that impaired neural encoding of low frequency speech envelopes, related to speech prosody, may underpin the phonological deficit that causes dyslexia across languages.
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Contextual modulation of hippocampal activity during picture naming
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 159
Author(s): A. Llorens, A.-S. Dubarry, A. Trébuchon, P. Chauvel, F.-X. Alario, C. Liégeois-Chauvel
Picture naming is a standard task used to probe language processes in healthy and impaired speakers. It recruits a broad neural network of language related areas, among which the hippocampus is rarely included. However, the hippocampus could play a role during picture naming, subtending, for example, implicit learning of the links between pictured objects and their names. To test this hypothesis, we recorded hippocampal activity during plain picture naming, without memorization requirement; we further assessed whether this activity was modulated by contextual factors such as repetition priming and semantic interference. Local field potentials recorded from intracerebral electrodes implanted in the healthy hippocampi of epileptic patients revealed a specific and reliable pattern of activity, markedly modulated by repetition priming and semantic context. These results indicate that the hippocampus is recruited during picture naming, presumably in relation to implicit learning, with contextual factors promoting differential hippocampal processes, possibly subtended by different sub-circuitries.
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Intrafamilial phenotypic variability of Specific Language Impairment
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 159
Author(s): Lisa Bartha-Doering, Sabrina Regele, Dirk Deuster, Rainer Seidl, Nadja Bogdanova, Albrecht Röpke, Peter Wieacker, Antoinette am Zehnhoff-Dinnesen
We investigated language functions in 32 members of a four generation family with several members affected by Specific Language Impairment with an extensive language test battery in order to determine the prevalence, overlap, and homogeneity of linguistic deficits within one pedigree. In sum, one fourth of all family members tested fulfilled the criteria of Specific Language Impairment. Despite of some similarities in language abilities, different combinations of language deficits were observed, and individual language profiles varied substantially. Thus, though there is a high prevalence of language deficits in this family which raises the likelihood of a genetic origin of these deficits, and though all affected study participants displayed selective linguistic deficits with normal non-verbal functioning, language testing showed considerable variance in overlap and homogeneity of linguistic deficits. Thus, even in one genetic population, an underlying linguistic disorder manifests itself in different language abilities to a variant degree.
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Examining the contribution of motor movement and language dominance to increased left lateralization during sign generation in native signers
Publication date: August 2016
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 159
Author(s): Eva Gutierrez-Sigut, Heather Payne, Mairéad MacSweeney
The neural systems supporting speech and sign processing are very similar, although not identical. In a previous fTCD study of hearing native signers (Gutierrez-Sigut, Daws, et al., 2015) we found stronger left lateralization for sign than speech. Given that this increased lateralization could not be explained by hand movement alone, the contribution of motor movement versus 'linguistic' processes to the strength of hemispheric lateralization during sign production remains unclear. Here we directly contrast lateralization strength of covert versus overt signing during phonological and semantic fluency tasks. To address the possibility that hearing native signers' elevated lateralization indices (LIs) were due to performing a task in their less dominant language, here we test deaf native signers, whose dominant language is British Sign Language (BSL). Signers were more strongly left lateralized for overt than covert sign generation. However, the strength of lateralization was not correlated with the amount of time producing movements of the right hand. Comparisons with previous data from hearing native English speakers suggest stronger laterality indices for sign than speech in both covert and overt tasks. This increased left lateralization may be driven by specific properties of sign production such as the increased use of self-monitoring mechanisms or the nature of phonological encoding of signs.
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Tracking the time course of lexical access in orthographic production: An event-related potential study of word frequency effects in written picture naming
Source:Brain and Language, Volume 159
Author(s): Qingqing Qu, Qingfang Zhang, Markus F. Damian
Previous studies of spoken picture naming using event-related potentials (ERPs) have shown that speakers initiate lexical access within 200ms after stimulus onset. In the present study, we investigated the time course of lexical access in written, rather than spoken, word production. Chinese participants wrote target object names which varied in word frequency, and written naming times and ERPs were measured. Writing latencies exhibited a classical frequency effect (faster responses for high- than for low-frequency names). More importantly, ERP results revealed that electrophysiological activity elicited by high- and low frequency target names started to diverge as early as 168ms post picture onset. We conclude that lexical access during written word production is initiated within 200ms after picture onset. This estimate is compatible with previous studies on spoken production which likewise showed a rapid onset of lexical access (i.e., within 200ms after stimuli onset). We suggest that written and spoken word production share the lexicalization stage.
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Neuroimaging genetic analyses of novel candidate genes associated with reading and language
Source:Brain and Language
Author(s): Alessandro Gialluisi, Tulio Guadalupe, Clyde Francks, Simon E. Fisher
Neuroimaging measures provide useful endophenotypes for tracing genetic effects on reading and language. A recent Genome-Wide Association Scan Meta-Analysis (GWASMA) of reading and language skills (N=1862) identified strongest associations with the genes CCDC136/FLNC and RBFOX2. Here, we follow up the top findings from this GWASMA, through neuroimaging genetics in an independent sample of 1275 healthy adults. To minimize multiple-testing, we used a multivariate approach, focusing on cortical regions consistently implicated in prior literature on developmental dyslexia and language impairment. Specifically, we investigated grey matter surface area and thickness of five regions selected a priori: middle temporal gyrus (MTG); pars opercularis and pars triangularis in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG-PO and IFG-PT); postcentral parietal gyrus (PPG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG). First, we analysed the top associated polymorphisms from the reading/language GWASMA: rs59197085 (CCDC136/FLNC) and rs5995177 (RBFOX2). There was significant multivariate association of rs5995177 with cortical thickness, driven by effects on left PPG, right MTG, right IFG (both PO and PT), and STG bilaterally. The minor allele, previously associated with reduced reading-language performance, showed negative effects on grey matter thickness. Next, we performed exploratory gene-wide analysis of CCDC136/FLNC and RBFOX2; no other associations surpassed significance thresholds. RBFOX2 encodes an important neuronal regulator of alternative splicing. Thus, the prior reported association of rs5995177 with reading/language performance could potentially be mediated by reduced thickness in associated cortical regions. In future, this hypothesis could be tested using sufficiently large samples containing both neuroimaging data and quantitative reading/language scores from the same individuals.
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The peri-Sylvian cortical network underlying single word repetition revealed by electrocortical stimulation and direct neural recordings
Source:Brain and Language
Author(s): Matthew K. Leonard, Ruofan Cai, Miranda C. Babiak, Angela Ren, Edward F. Chang
Verbal repetition requires the coordination of auditory, memory, linguistic, and motor systems. To date, the basic dynamics of neural information processing in this deceptively simple behavior are largely unknown. Here, we examined the neural processes underlying verbal repetition using focal interruption (electrocortical stimulation) in 58 patients undergoing awake craniotomies, and neurophysiological recordings (electrocorticography) in 8 patients while they performed a single word repetition task. Electrocortical stimulation revealed that sub-components of the left peri-Sylvian network involved in single word repetition could be differentially interrupted, producing transient perceptual deficits, paraphasic errors, or speech arrest. Electrocorticography revealed the detailed spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical activation, involving a highly-ordered, but overlapping temporal progression of cortical high gamma (75–150Hz) activity throughout the peri-Sylvian cortex. We observed functionally distinct serial and parallel cortical processing corresponding to successive stages of general auditory processing (posterior superior temporal gyrus), speech-specific auditory processing (middle and posterior superior temporal gyrus), working memory (inferior frontal cortex), and motor articulation (sensorimotor cortex). Together, these methods reveal the dynamics of coordinated activity across peri-Sylvian cortex during verbal repetition.
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Neuroimaging correlates of language network impairment and reorganization in temporal lobe epilepsy
Source:Brain and Language
Author(s): S. Balter, G. Lin, K.M. Leyden, B.M. Paul, C.R. McDonald
Advanced, noninvasive imaging has revolutionized our understanding of language networks in the brain and is reshaping our approach to the presurgical evaluation of patients with epilepsy. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has had the greatest impact, unveiling the complexity of language organization and reorganization in patients with epilepsy both pre- and postoperatively, while volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging have led to a greater appreciation of structural and microstructural correlates of language dysfunction in different epilepsy syndromes. In this article, we review recent literature describing how unimodal and multimodal imaging has advanced our knowledge of language networks and their plasticity in epilepsy, with a focus on the most frequently studied epilepsy syndrome in adults, temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). We also describe how new analytic techniques (i.e., graph theory) are leading to a refined characterization of abnormal brain connectivity, and how subject-specific imaging profiles combined with clinical data may enhance the prediction of both seizure and language outcomes following surgical interventions.
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The Neural Mechanisms of Hallucinations: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies.
The Neural Mechanisms of Hallucinations: A Quantitative Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2016 Jul 26;
Authors: Zmigrod L, Garrison JR, Carr J, Simons JS
Abstract
Activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging data was used to investigate the neural mechanisms underlying auditory-verbal and visual hallucinations (AVHs and VHs). Consistent activation across studies during AVHs, but not VHs, in Wernicke's and Broca's areas is consistent with involvement of speech and language processes in the experience of hearing voices when none are present. Similarly, greater activity in auditory cortex during AVHs and in visual cortex during VHs supports models proposing over-stimulation of sensory cortices in the generation of these perceptual anomalies. Activation across studies in the medial temporal lobe highlights a role for memory intrusions in the provision of content for AVHs, whereas insula activation may relate to the involvement of awareness and self-representation. Finally, activation in the paracingulate region of medial prefrontal cortex during AVHs is consistent with models implicating reality monitoring impairment in the misattribution of self-generated information as externally perceived. In the light of the results, the need for unified theoretical frameworks that account for the full range of hallucinatory experiences is discussed.
PMID: 27473935 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Total Alloplastic Joint Reconstruction in a patient with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis following condylar dislocation into the middle cranial fossa
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Ephraim R. Rikhotso, Muhammad A. Bobat
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Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in the Absence of Antiresorptive or Anti-angiogenic Exposure: A Series of Six Cases
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Tara L. Aghaloo, Sotirios Tetradis
Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ) is a well-described complication of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. Although osteonecrosis can be associated with other inciting events and medications such as trauma, infection, steroids, chemotherapy, and coagulation disorders, these are rarely reported in the literature. Since the continued development and clinical use of new biologic medications for diseases such as cancer and rheumatoid arthritis, it is important to continue to evaluate their effects on the oral cavity. Here, we report a six case series of MRONJ associated with medications other than antiresorptives or antiangiogenics. The degree of risk for osteonecrosis in patients taking these new classes of drugs is uncertain but warrants awareness and monitoring.
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Exophytic tumor growth after incomplete removal of polypoid malignant melanoma of the maxillary gingiva: A case report and review of the literature
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): Tomoharu Taga, Taichiro Nonaka, Toshiaki Manabe, Kazuhisa Bessho
Polypoid malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is extremely rare. This report describes the case of three-time occurrence of polypoid malignant melanoma of the maxillary gingiva in an 84-year-old woman who had removed the primary tumor by herself. The second polypoid malignant melanoma was a black pedunculated mass measuring 7 cm in size and surrounded by pigmented mucosa. Histologically, the tumor exhibited an ulcerated surface lined by squamous cells and contained polygonal cells with brown–black pigments. The third polypoid malignant melanoma was observed at the same location 7 months after surgery; it was a black hemorrhagic mass approximately 1.5 cm in size. Histological analysis showed morphological findings that were similar to those observed in the second polypoid melanoma. The patient died of lung metastasis 28 months after the second surgery. This report also reviews the five previously reported cases of polypoid malignant melanoma of the oral cavity, all of which occurred in the upper jaw. In two cases, initial exophytic growth of the tumor before invasion of the submucosa and relatively early detection resulted in a good prognosis. However, in one case, amelanotic melanoma located in the periodontal tissues was clinically misdiagnosed as epulis. Therefore, immunostaining for S-100 and HMB-45 should be considered for non-pigmented, epulis-like lesions, and wide surgical resection of primary polypoid malignant melanomas at an early stage should result in a favorable prognosis.
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Loss of cargo binding in the human myosin VI deafness mutant (R1166X) increases actin filament binding.
Loss of cargo binding in the human myosin VI deafness mutant (R1166X) increases actin filament binding.
Biochem J. 2016 Jul 29;
Authors: Arden SD, Tumbarello DA, Butt T, Kendrick-Jones J, Buss F
Abstract
Mutations in myosin VI have been associated with autosomal recessive (DFNB37) and autosomal dominant (DFNA22) deafness in humans. Here, we characterise a myosin VI nonsense mutation (R1166X) that was identified in a family with hereditary hearing loss in Pakistan. This mutation leads to deletion of the C-terminal 120 amino acids of the myosin VI cargo-binding domain, which includes the WWY binding motif for the adaptor proteins LMTK2, Tom1 as well as Dab2. Interestingly, compromising myosin VI vesicle binding ability by expressing myosin VI with the R1166X mutation or with single point mutations in the adaptor binding sites leads to increased F-actin-binding of this myosin in vitro and in vivo As our results highlight the importance of cargo attachment for regulating actin binding to the motor domain, we perform a detailed characterisation of adaptor protein binding and identify single amino acids within myosin VI required for binding to cargo adaptors. We not only show that the adaptor proteins can directly interact with the cargo-binding tail of myosin VI, but our in vitro studies also suggest that multiple adaptor proteins can bind simultaneously to non-overlapping sites in the myosin VI tail. In conclusion, our characterisation of the human myosin VI deafness mutant (R1166X) suggests that defects in cargo binding may leave myosin VI in a primed/activated state with an increased actin-binding ability.
PMID: 27474411 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Predictors of Dysgeusia in Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated With Chemotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy.
Predictors of Dysgeusia in Patients With Oropharyngeal Cancer Treated With Chemotherapy and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy.
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2016 May 17;
Authors: Sapir E, Tao Y, Feng F, Samuels S, El Naqa I, Murdoch-Kinch CA, Feng M, Schipper M, Eisbruch A
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S): Dysgeusia is a significant factor reducing quality of life and worsening dysphagia in patients receiving chemoradiation therapy for head and neck cancer. The factors affecting dysgeusia severity are uncertain. We investigated the effects on patient-reported dysgeusia of doses to the oral cavity, salivary output (required to dissolve food particles), and patient-reported xerostomia.
METHODS AND MATERIALS: Seventy-three patients with stage III to IV oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) (N=73) receiving definitive intensity modulated radiation therapy concurrently with chemotherapy participated in a prospective, longitudinal study of quality of life (QOL), including assessment of patient-reported gustatory function by taste-related questions from the Head and Neck QOL instrument (HNQOL) and the University of Washington Head and Neck-related QOL instrument (UWQOL), before therapy and periodically after treatment. At these intervals, patients also completed a validated xerostomia-specific questionnaire (XQ) and underwent unstimulated and stimulated major salivary gland flow rate measurements.
RESULTS: At 1, 3, 6, and 12 months after treatment, dysgeusia improved over time: severe dysgeusia was reported by 50%, 40%, 22%, and 23% of patients, respectively. Significant associations were found between patient-reported severe dysgeusia and radiation dose to the oral cavity (P=.005) and tongue (P=.019); normal tissue complication probability for severe dysgeusia at 3 months showed mean oral cavity D50 doses 53 Gy and 57 Gy in the HNQOL and WUQOL questionnaires, respectively, with curve slope (m) of 0.41. Measured salivary output was not statistically significantly correlated with severe taste dysfunction, whereas patient-reported XQ summary scores and xerostomia while eating scores were correlated with severe dysgeusia in the UWQOL tool (P=.04).
CONCLUSIONS: Taste impairment is significantly correlated with mean radiation dose to the oral cavity. Patient-reported xerostomia, but not salivary output, was correlated with severe dysgeusia in 1 of the 2 QOL questionnaires. Reduction in oral cavity doses is likely to improve dysgeusia.
PMID: 27473816 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy.
Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy.
Neurol Sci. 2016 Jul 29;
Authors: Zheng Q, Chu L, Tan L, Zhang H
Abstract
Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy (FOSMN) is a recently defined slowly progressive motor neuron disorder. It is characterized by facial onset sensory abnormalities which may spread to the scalp, neck, upper trunk and extremities, followed by lower motor neuron deficits. Bulbar symptoms, such as dysarthria and dysphagia, muscle weakness, cramps and fasciculations, can present later in the course of the disease. We search the PubMed database for articles published in English from 2006 to 2016 using the term of "Facial onset sensory and motor neuronopathy". Reference lists of the identified articles were selected and reviewed. Only 38 cases of FOSMN have been reported in the Pubmed database since it was first reported in 2006. Typically, FOSMN present with slowly evolving numbness of the face followed by neck and arm weakness. Reduced or absent of corneal reflexes and blink reflex is the main pathognomonic features of FOSMN. In this review, we summarize the epidemiology, clinical presentation, auxiliary examination, and treatment of all the reported cases of FOSMN. Moreover, we discuss the pathogenesis of this rare disorder. In addition, we propose diagnostic criteria for FOSMN.
PMID: 27473302 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Vesicular stomatitis.
Vesicular stomatitis.
Vet Rec. 2016 Jul 30;179(5):119-20
Authors: Timoney P
Abstract
More than 800 premises in eight states in the USA have recently reported cases of vesicular stomatitis in their horses. Here, Peter Timoney, of the Gluck Equine Research Center in Kentucky, discusses this zoonotic disease in more detail.
PMID: 27474058 [PubMed - in process]
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Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy and Survival in Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A 10 Year Review
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Jonathan A. Dunne, Jessica Steele, Elizabeth Woods, Joy Odili
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Maximizing length and safety in gracilis free flap dissection
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Ian CC. King, Noor Obeid, Alex C. Woollard, Martin E. Jones
We present a photographic illustration of our approach to accessing and releasing the pedicle of the gracilis muscle with a view to maximizing safety and length in this key reconstructive option available to plastic surgeons. This approach requires creation of a window in the fascia on the lateral border of the adductor longus muscle, affording a direct visualization of the medial circumflex femoral artery coming off the profunda femoris. Small proximal branches can be dealt with under greater control and the pedicle released with maximal length and safety.
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Impact of Reduction Mammaplasty on Sexuality in Patients with Macromastia and Their Partners
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Abolhasan Emami, Roohollah Sobhani
Aim of studyWomen with breast hypertrophy often experience a number of physical symptoms as well as psychological difficulty. The breasts are very important for the psychological well-being of women, which might be affected negatively through breast size and shape distortions. Self-body dissatisfaction and, in this background, the breasts can lead to low levels of self-confidence and self-esteem, which might affect sexuality.Materials and Methods35 women with macromastia and their partners were evaluated for their sexual function as well as surgery satisfaction before and 6 months following reduction mammaplasty. Physical status and sexual satisfaction was assessed using questionnaire. In addition, sexual function of the women and their partners were evaluated using the Index of Female Sexual Function (IFSF) and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF).ResultThere was a significant improvement in the mean IFSF and IIEF scores after surgery in both patients and their partners. In addition patients expressed high levels of satisfaction with results of surgery in physical and psychological scores.Conclusionreduction breast surgery has a positive impact on the health status and psychological functions as well as sexual activity of patients and their partners.
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Perforator-Based Propeller Flaps for Leg Reconstruction in Pediatric Patients
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): Burhan Özalp, Mustafa Aydınol
BackgroundPerforator-based propeller flaps provide adequate soft tissue coverage for leg reconstruction. The aim of this study was to assess the versatility and reliability of the use of propeller flaps for leg reconstruction in pediatric patients.MethodSeven male pediatric patients ranging in age from 2–13 years with a mean age of 6.7 underwent perforator-based propeller flap surgery over a four-year period. The defects resulted from burn injuries (n = 4) and traffic accidents (n = 3). The injuries were located on the ankles of four patients and on the knee, anterior lower tibia, and foot dorsum of the other three patients, respectively.ResultsThe flap sizes ranged from 5 x 3 to 10 x 6 cm with a mean flap size of 7.6 x 4.3 cm. Flap harvesting time ranged from 38 to 56 m with a mean of 46 m. The rotation degree range of the flaps was from 90o to 180o. The propeller flaps were based on the posterior tibial artery (n = 4), anterior tibial artery (n = 2), and the descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery (n = 1). All flaps survived completely without surgical complication; however, one patient developed disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome two days post-surgery and died within four days.ConclusionPerforator-based propeller flap reconstruction is a safe, reliable, and versatile method for lower extremities in pediatric patients; however, it requires meticulous surgical dissection and extreme patience during the surgical procedure.
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The Importance of Bone Shortening in Digital Replantation
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2016
Source:Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery
Author(s): A.C.D. Smith, D. Nikkhah, M.E. Jones
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Σάββατο 30 Ιουλίου 2016
Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
  | Related Articles |
Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Sci Rep. 2015;5:12112
Authors: Zhang S, Joseph AA, Gross L, Ghadimi M, Frahm J, Beham AW
Abstract
A small angle (His angle) between the oesophagus and the fundus of the stomach is considered to act as flap valve and anti-reflux barrier. A wide angle results in dysfunction of the oesophagogastric junction and subsequently in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Here, we used real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 50 ms resolution (20 frames per second) in 12 volunteers and 12 patients with GERD to assess transport of pineapple juice through the oesophagogastric junction and reflux during Valsalva. We found that the intra-abdominal part of the oesophagus was bended towards the left side resulting in an angle of 75.3 ± 17.4, which was significantly larger during Valsava (P = 0.017). Reflux and several underlying pathologies were detected in 11 out of 12 patients. Our data visualize oesophagogastric junction physiology and disprove the flap valve hypothesis. Further, non-invasive real-time MRI has considerable potential for the diagnosis of causative pathologies leading to GERD.
PMID: 26175205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
| | Related Articles |
Diagnosis of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Using Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
Sci Rep. 2015;5:12112
Authors: Zhang S, Joseph AA, Gross L, Ghadimi M, Frahm J, Beham AW
Abstract
A small angle (His angle) between the oesophagus and the fundus of the stomach is considered to act as flap valve and anti-reflux barrier. A wide angle results in dysfunction of the oesophagogastric junction and subsequently in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Here, we used real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 50 ms resolution (20 frames per second) in 12 volunteers and 12 patients with GERD to assess transport of pineapple juice through the oesophagogastric junction and reflux during Valsalva. We found that the intra-abdominal part of the oesophagus was bended towards the left side resulting in an angle of 75.3 ± 17.4, which was significantly larger during Valsava (P = 0.017). Reflux and several underlying pathologies were detected in 11 out of 12 patients. Our data visualize oesophagogastric junction physiology and disprove the flap valve hypothesis. Further, non-invasive real-time MRI has considerable potential for the diagnosis of causative pathologies leading to GERD.
PMID: 26175205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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Two cases of prostheses for flap protection after buccal mucosal incision.
 | Related Articles |
Two cases of prostheses for flap protection after buccal mucosal incision.
Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2014;55(1):49-54
Authors: Nomoto S, Sato T, Yoshida S, Saito S, Kamiyama I, Ito A, Tanaka J
Abstract
Here we describe two patients in whom prostheses were applied for flap protection after buccal mucosal incision. In the first case, the patient was a 65-year-old man with a diagnosis of buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (T2N0M0). Left buccal mucosa squamous cell tumor resection and dermoplasty were performed, followed by alveolar ridge augmentation and buccal mucosal graft in the scar area. The carcinoma recurred, however, and left buccal mucosa carcinoma resection was performed, followed by reconstruction surgery using a free forearm flap. After a 12-week healing period, a molar support was constructed on the unaffected side and a protective prosthesis placed on the affected side. Training in ingestion and swallowing were given postoperatively. The patient in the second case was a 62-year-old woman with a diagnosis of buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (T2N1M0). Right buccal mucosa carcinoma resection and supraomohyoid neck dissection were performed, followed by reconstruction surgery using a free forearm flap. A molar support was constructed on the unaffected side and a protective prosthesis placed on the affected side at 5 months postoperatively. Training was given in ingestion and swallowing postoperatively. The prostheses prevented bite wounds to the flaps in the affected areas due to jaw movement during swallowing or speaking. The postoperative courses were uneventful, and the average masticatory score was 92.5 (85, 100), not affecting daily life. The prostheses were placed after reconstruction surgery using free flaps after buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma resection. Dysphasia recovered to the preoperative level by dysphasia and pronunciation training in both cases. The postoperative prognosis was favorable, with the prosthesis preventing damage to the flap.
PMID: 24717930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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‘Open access’ and the International Journal of Audiology
10.1080/14992027.2016.1211765<br/>
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Two cases of prostheses for flap protection after buccal mucosal incision.
| Related Articles |
Two cases of prostheses for flap protection after buccal mucosal incision.
Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2014;55(1):49-54
Authors: Nomoto S, Sato T, Yoshida S, Saito S, Kamiyama I, Ito A, Tanaka J
Abstract
Here we describe two patients in whom prostheses were applied for flap protection after buccal mucosal incision. In the first case, the patient was a 65-year-old man with a diagnosis of buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (T2N0M0). Left buccal mucosa squamous cell tumor resection and dermoplasty were performed, followed by alveolar ridge augmentation and buccal mucosal graft in the scar area. The carcinoma recurred, however, and left buccal mucosa carcinoma resection was performed, followed by reconstruction surgery using a free forearm flap. After a 12-week healing period, a molar support was constructed on the unaffected side and a protective prosthesis placed on the affected side. Training in ingestion and swallowing were given postoperatively. The patient in the second case was a 62-year-old woman with a diagnosis of buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma (T2N1M0). Right buccal mucosa carcinoma resection and supraomohyoid neck dissection were performed, followed by reconstruction surgery using a free forearm flap. A molar support was constructed on the unaffected side and a protective prosthesis placed on the affected side at 5 months postoperatively. Training was given in ingestion and swallowing postoperatively. The prostheses prevented bite wounds to the flaps in the affected areas due to jaw movement during swallowing or speaking. The postoperative courses were uneventful, and the average masticatory score was 92.5 (85, 100), not affecting daily life. The prostheses were placed after reconstruction surgery using free flaps after buccal mucosa squamous cell carcinoma resection. Dysphasia recovered to the preoperative level by dysphasia and pronunciation training in both cases. The postoperative prognosis was favorable, with the prosthesis preventing damage to the flap.
PMID: 24717930 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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‘Open access’ and the International Journal of Audiology
10.1080/14992027.2016.1211765<br/>
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Radiotherapy-associated dental extractions and osteoradionecrosis
Background
Preradiotherapy dental extractions often form a part of the management plan for patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancers in order to prevent complications, such as osteoradionecrosis. There is contention about whether these extractions should be performed and the timing of such extractions. The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-RT extractions were associated with the development of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.
Methods
Retrospective data on patients treated with RT for oropharyngeal cancer were pooled with a cross-sectional survey.
Results
Pre-radiotherapy dental extractions were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of developing ORN.
Conclusion
Pre-radiotherapy dental extractions do not protect against the development of osteoradionecrosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
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Radiotherapy-associated dental extractions and osteoradionecrosis
Background
Preradiotherapy dental extractions often form a part of the management plan for patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancers in order to prevent complications, such as osteoradionecrosis. There is contention about whether these extractions should be performed and the timing of such extractions. The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-RT extractions were associated with the development of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.
Methods
Retrospective data on patients treated with RT for oropharyngeal cancer were pooled with a cross-sectional survey.
Results
Pre-radiotherapy dental extractions were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of developing ORN.
Conclusion
Pre-radiotherapy dental extractions do not protect against the development of osteoradionecrosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
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via IFTTT
Radiotherapy-associated dental extractions and osteoradionecrosis
Background
Preradiotherapy dental extractions often form a part of the management plan for patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck cancers in order to prevent complications, such as osteoradionecrosis. There is contention about whether these extractions should be performed and the timing of such extractions. The purpose of this study was to determine if pre-RT extractions were associated with the development of osteoradionecrosis of the jaws.
Methods
Retrospective data on patients treated with RT for oropharyngeal cancer were pooled with a cross-sectional survey.
Results
Pre-radiotherapy dental extractions were associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of developing ORN.
Conclusion
Pre-radiotherapy dental extractions do not protect against the development of osteoradionecrosis. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2016
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OtoRhinoLaryngology & Medicine
11:34
Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Journal of Neurosurgery, Ahead of Print. from #Medicine-SfakianakisAlexandros via o.lakala70 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ay4Pga via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:34
Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Journal of Neurosurgery, Ahead of Print. from #Medicine-SfakianakisAlexandros via o.lakala70 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ay4Qk1 via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:34
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
With the increasing number of patients affected with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies are eager to better understand metabolic syndrome and develop new drugs for its treatment. Many studies...
11:33
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Mirror.co.uk 50th anniversary leaves English football with mixed feelingsDaily Mail By Steve Tongue. LONDON, July 30 (Reuters) – Fifty years on from the greatest day in the history of English football, pessimists fear that the prospect of becoming world champions again is as remote as it has ever...
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Allergy Rhinology Immunology Asthma
Background: Transgenic expression of human thrombomodulin (hTBM), which has the potential to solve the problem of coagulation dysregulation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, may have additional benefits by neutralizing the proinflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). The aim of this...
11:33
Allergy Rhinology Immunology Asthma
Background: Acute cellular rejection is a major cause of morbidity after lung transplantation. Because regulatory T (Treg) cells limit rejection of solid organs, we hypothesized that donor-reactive Treg increase after transplantation with development of partial tolerance and decrease relative to conventional...
11:32
OtoRhinoLaryngology by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis
Background: Transgenic expression of human thrombomodulin (hTBM), which has the potential to solve the problem of coagulation dysregulation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, may have additional benefits by neutralizing the proinflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). The aim of this...
11:32
OtoRhinoLaryngology by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis
Background: Acute cellular rejection is a major cause of morbidity after lung transplantation. Because regulatory T (Treg) cells limit rejection of solid organs, we hypothesized that donor-reactive Treg increase after transplantation with development of partial tolerance and decrease relative to conventional...
11:32
Human Diseases Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
With the increasing number of patients affected with metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis and insulin resistance, academic researchers and pharmaceutical companies are eager to better understand metabolic syndrome and develop new drugs for its treatment. Many studies...
11:32
Human Diseases Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
Mirror.co.uk 50th anniversary leaves English football with mixed feelingsDaily Mail By Steve Tongue. LONDON, July 30 (Reuters) – Fifty years on from the greatest day in the history of English football, pessimists fear that the prospect of becoming world champions again is as remote as it has ever...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Cholangiocarcinoma is a relatively rare cancer, but its incidence is increasing worldwide. Although several risk factors have been suggested, the etiology and pathogenesis of the majority of cholangiocarcinomas remain unclear. Recently, a high incidence of early-onset cholangiocarcinoma was reported...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2aEaELp via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Keratins (K) are intermediate filament proteins important in protection from cellular stress. K8, K18 and K19 are the main components of keratin filaments in colonic epithelia but their role in intestinal diseases remains ambiguous. A function for keratins in intestinal health is supported by the K8-knock-out...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Adhesion-based cellular interactions involved in breast cancer metastasis to the bone marrow remain elusive. We identified that breast cancer cells directly compete with hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) for retention in the bone marrow microenvironment. To this end, we established two...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2aEae7I via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2aEbzeG via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
The E7 oncoprotein of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types induces DNA re-replication that contributes to carcinogenesis; however, the mechanism is not fully understood. To better understand the mechanism by which E7 induces re-replication, we investigated the expression and function of cell division...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2agTZub via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
The aim of this work was to evaluate the expression and clinical relevance of some cytokines in breast carcinomas. An immunohistochemical study using tissue arrays and specific antibodies against interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, interferon β (IFNβ) and nuclear factor kappa B (NFB) was performed...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2aEaGTN via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) survival rates are dismal and high βIII-tubulin expression is associated with chemotherapy drug resistance and tumor aggressiveness in this disease. Mounting evidence supports a role for βIII-tubulin in promoting cell survival in the harsh tumor microenvironment, which...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
from #ORL-AlexandrosSfakianakis via simeraentaxei on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2aE9XSt via IFTTT Medicine by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos,Crete 72100,Greece,tel :00302841026182 & 00306932607174
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Carcinogen exposures inscribe mutation patterns on cancer genomes and sometimes bias the acquisition of driver mutations toward preferred oncogenes, potentially dictating sensitivity to targeted agents. Whether and how carcinogen-specific mutation patterns direct activation of preferred oncogenes remains...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
The fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) locus is consistently the top hit in genome-wide association studies for oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer. Yet, its mode of action continues to be controversial. Here, we employ a systems biology approach to demonstrate that signalling via...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
The purpose of this study was to identify novel colorectal cancer (CRC)-causing alleles in unexplained familial CRC cases. In order to do so, coding regions in five candidate genes (MGMT, AXIN2, CTNNB1, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2) were sequenced in 11 unrelated microsatellite-stable hereditary non-polyposis CRC...
11:27
Otolaryngology lifelong learning : Otolaryngology by Alexandros Sfakianakis,Greece Crete,Anapafseos 5 Agios Nikolaos 72100,tel : 00302841026182,00306932607174
Androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer is extremely effective; however, due to the continuous expression and/or mutagenesis of androgen receptor (AR), the resistance to antihormonal therapy is a natural progression. Consequently, targeting the AR for degradation offers an alternate approach...
11:26
OTOLARYNGOLOGY BY ALEXANDROS SFAKIANAKIS,GREECE CRETE
Abstract Purpose The aim of this study was to accurately determine the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and to evaluate the efficacy of seizure control after treating OSA. ...
11:26
OTOLARYNGOLOGY BY ALEXANDROS SFAKIANAKIS,GREECE CRETE
Abstract Background Endotoxemia is commonly reported in patients receiving haemodialysis and implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic inflammation. The Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) assay is the most commonly used blood endotoxin...
11:26
OTOLARYNGOLOGY BY ALEXANDROS SFAKIANAKIS,GREECE CRETE
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2016Source:Microbes and Infection Author(s): Mateja Ozanic, Valentina Marecic, Marie Lindgren, Anders Sjöstedt, Marina SanticSeveral bacterial pathogens interact with their host through protein secretion effectuated by a type VI secretion system...
11:26
Thyroid Disorders by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis
Endocrinology, Early Release. from thyroid via a.lsfakia on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2ayIaSy via IFTTT
11:25
OtoRhinoLaryngology by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis
Background: Transgenic expression of human thrombomodulin (hTBM), which has the potential to solve the problem of coagulation dysregulation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, may have additional benefits by neutralizing the proinflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). The aim of this...
11:25
OtoRhinoLaryngology by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis
Background: Acute cellular rejection is a major cause of morbidity after lung transplantation. Because regulatory T (Treg) cells limit rejection of solid organs, we hypothesized that donor-reactive Treg increase after transplantation with development of partial tolerance and decrease relative to conventional...
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