OtoRhinoLaryngology by Alexandros G.Sfakianakis

Πέμπτη 1 Φεβρουαρίου 2018

Structure-based drug design, synthesis and biological assays of P. falciparum Atg3-Atg8 protein-protein interaction inhibitors.

Structure-based drug design, synthesis and biological assays of P. falciparum Atg3-Atg8 protein-protein interaction inhibitors.

J Comput Aided Mol Des. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Villa S, Legnani L, Colombo D, Gelain A, Lammi C, Bongiorno D, Ilboudo DP, McGee KE, Bosch J, Grazioso G

Abstract
The proteins involved in the autophagy (Atg) pathway have recently been considered promising targets for the development of new antimalarial drugs. In particular, inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) between Atg3 and Atg8 of Plasmodium falciparum retarded the blood- and liver-stages of parasite growth. In this paper, we used computational techniques to design a new class of peptidomimetics mimicking the Atg3 interaction motif, which were then synthesized by click-chemistry. Surface plasmon resonance has been employed to measure the ability of these compounds to inhibit the Atg3-Atg8 reciprocal protein-protein interaction. Moreover, P. falciparum growth inhibition in red blood cell cultures was evaluated as well as the cyto-toxicity of the compounds.

PMID: 29383466 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Its Role in the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Hypoxia-Inducible Factor and Its Role in the Management of Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease.

Int J Mol Sci. 2018 Jan 29;19(2):

Authors: Kaplan JM, Sharma N, Dikdan S

Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) plays a crucial role in the response to hypoxia at the cellular, tissue, and organism level. New agents under development to pharmacologically manipulate HIF may provide new and exciting possibilities in the treatment of anemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) as well as in multiple other disease states involving ischemia-reperfusion injury. This article provides an overview of recent studies describing current standards of care for patients with anemia in CKD and associated clinical issues, and those supporting the clinical potential for targeting HIF stabilization with HIF prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (HIF-PHI) in these patients. Additionally, articles reporting the clinical potential for HIF-PHIs in 'other' putative therapeutic areas, the tissue and intracellular distribution of HIF- and prolyl-hydroxylase domain (PHD) isoforms, and HIF isoforms targeted by the different PHDs, were identified. There is increasing uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment for anemia of CKD with poorer outcomes associated with treatment to higher hemoglobin targets, and the increasing use of iron and consequent risk of iron imbalance. Attainment and maintenance of more physiologic erythropoietin levels associated with HIF stabilization may improve the management of patients resistant to treatment with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents and improve outcomes at higher hemoglobin targets.

PMID: 29382128 [PubMed - in process]

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Extensor indicis proprius muscle and its variants together with the extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle: a common classification. Clinical significance in hand and reconstructive surgery.

Extensor indicis proprius muscle and its variants together with the extensor digitorum brevis manus muscle: a common classification. Clinical significance in hand and reconstructive surgery.

Surg Radiol Anat. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Georgiev GP, Tubbs RS, Iliev A, Kotov G, Landzhov B

Abstract
PURPOSE: The extensor indicis proprius (EIP) is a muscle of the forearm that originates from the posterior surface of the ulna and the adjacent interosseous membrane and attaches to the index finger. Many anatomical variations of this muscle have been reported in the literature. The extensor digitorum brevis manus (EDBM) is a variant muscle found on the back of the wrist and hand. These muscle variants should be considered in the context of clinical syndromes and reconstructive hand surgery. The aim of the present study was to describe in detail the normal and variant anatomy of these muscles and propose new systematic classifications.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Formol-carbol-fixed Europid upper limbs (n = 176) were examined in the Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology at the Medical University of Sofia for variations of the EIP and occurrences of the EDBM.
RESULTS: We found normal anatomy in 147 (84%) of the specimens examined and we measured the length and width of the muscle belly and tendon of the EIP. Variations of the EIP in the other 29 upper limbs (16%) included replacement of the EIP by an EIB, coexistence of the EIP and EIB, presence of accessory tendons, and additional muscles.
CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of anatomical variations of forearm muscles is important because they can cause clinical syndromes or have implications for reconstructive surgery, most often as tendon transfers in response to functional loss of other forearm muscles.

PMID: 29383419 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Evaluation of alveolar bone support around incisors in patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate in late mixed dentition using cone beam computed tomography.

Evaluation of alveolar bone support around incisors in patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus, and palate in late mixed dentition using cone beam computed tomography.

Angle Orthod. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Pan Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, Liu Y, Jing Y, Xiao L

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate alveolar bone support around cleft-adjacent maxillary central incisors (U1) in patients with unilateral cleft lip, alveolus and palate (UCLAP) in the late mixed dentition and to investigate the correlation between the alveolar bone thickness (ABT) and tooth inclination.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cone beam computed tomography scans of 45 subjects with UCLAP (29 boys, 16 girls; mean age = 10.74 ± 1.08 years) were assessed. The distance between the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) and alveolar bone crest (AC), and the ABTs at 3 mm, 6 mm, and the apex were measured on the labial, lingual and distal surfaces of U1. The cleft and normal sides were compared using a paired t-test and Pearson's χ2 test. Pearson's correlation was used to explore the association between the ABT and tooth inclination of cleft-adjacent U1 in the labiolingual and mesiodistal dimensions.
RESULTS: The CEJ-AC distances were significantly greater in cleft-adjacent U1 ( P < .01), with more bone height reduction observed labially and distally ( P < .001). The labial, lingual, and apico-distal ABTs were decreased on the cleft side ( P < .01). A positive correlation was found between the apico-labial ABT and the labiolingual inclination ( r = 0.568, P < .01).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with UCLAP have reduced alveolar bone support around the cleft-adjacent U1, and the apico-labial ABT tends to decrease with increasing lingual tooth inclination; however, the correlation was weak.

PMID: 29384701 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Extended endonasal approach versus maxillary swing approach to the parapharyngeal space.

Extended endonasal approach versus maxillary swing approach to the parapharyngeal space.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Roger V, Patron V, Moreau S, Kanagalingam J, Babin E, Hitier M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The nasopharyngeal and parapharyngeal spaces are difficult for surgeons to access. Of the various external routes described, the maxillary swing has emerged as the gold standard because of its simplicity. However, its morbidity has led to the development of less invasive techniques. The purpose of our study was to compare the surgical anatomy of the maxillary swing with that of the endoscopic endonasal approach.
METHODS: Each procedure was performed on 10 anatomic specimens. The exposure and the limits obtained were evaluated. A CT scan analysis was performed.
RESULTS: The endoscopic endonasal approach extended the limits, offering wider exposure. The endoscopic endonasal approach made possible better visualization of deep structures and precise dissection of the parapharyngeal spaces. However, the maxillary swing provided better access to the oropharynx and could be completed 3 times faster.
CONCLUSION: The endoscopic endonasal approach provides excellent exposure, a wide dissection range, and precise definition of anatomic structures, making it an alternative of choice rather than the maxillary swing approach.

PMID: 29385316 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Intraoperative cardiac arrest etiologies in head and neck surgery: A comprehensive review.

Intraoperative cardiac arrest etiologies in head and neck surgery: A comprehensive review.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Tarabanis C, Abt NB, Osborn HA

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The etiologies of intraoperative cardiac arrest within otolaryngology are not well understood as they are rare events.
METHODS: A comprehensive review of the etiologies and corresponding pathophysiologic neural mechanisms of intraoperative cardiac arrest in otolaryngologic surgery are examined.
RESULTS: The occurrence of this rare complication has been described in a range of head and neck procedures, including but not limited to suspension laryngoscopy and oncologic resections in the neck, maxilla and thyroid. Three anatomically distinct pathways leading to intraoperative cardiac arrest are described: direct vagal stimulation, the trigeminocardiac reflex and the baroreceptor reflex. All three share the final common pathway of parasympathetic signaling to the sinoatrial node via the cardiac fibers of the vagus nerve.
CONCLUSION: With a firm understanding of the mechanistic underpinning of this rare phenomenon, otolaryngologic surgeons can be better prepared for its occurrence.

PMID: 29385305 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Effects of excessive fibrin deposit and polylactide adhesion barrier on wound healing in thyroidectomy murine wound model.

Effects of excessive fibrin deposit and polylactide adhesion barrier on wound healing in thyroidectomy murine wound model.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Lim YS, Kim HB, Park JH, Cho CG, Park SW, Lee JS, Kim EJ, Kwon SK

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We hypothesize that excessive fibrin formation and inflammation induced by antiadhesive material, SurgiWrap (SW), would have an adverse effect on wound healing. It was evaluated by a thyroidectomy murine wound model.
METHODS: Excessive fibrin formation was induced by isthmectomy without hemostasis. Rats were allocated into isthmectomy with SurgiWrap (I+SW+), I+SW-, I-SW+, I-SW-, and isthmectomy after electrocautery for hemostasis (I+C+SW-). The SWs were placed on the superficial and visceral layers for gross and microscopic evaluation.
RESULTS: Microscopic examination showed collagen deposition occurred in the I-SW- sham group and at a higher level in I+C+SW-. The collagen deposition decreased in groups without SW with time but increased in groups with SW. Use of SW produced more inflammation and more collagen deposition. The I+SW + group developed the largest area of collagen deposition at 4 weeks and more collagen deposition than the I-SW + group.
CONCLUSION: The SW induced more collagen deposition increasing with time. The collagen deposition produced by SW was worsened by excessive fibrin formation and inflammation.

PMID: 29385303 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Narrow band imaging for head and neck malignancies: Lessons learned from mistakes.

Narrow band imaging for head and neck malignancies: Lessons learned from mistakes.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Valls-Mateus M, Nogués-Sabaté A, Blanch JL, Bernal-Sprekelsen M, Avilés-Jurado FX, Vilaseca I

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of white light endoscopy in combination with narrow band imaging (WLE + NBI) for diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) does not reach 100%. We evaluated the characteristics of the false-negative and false-positive cases.
METHODS: Five hundred thirty lesions of the upper airways were evaluated. The WLE was followed by NBI examination before performing a biopsy.
RESULTS: The false-negative lesions (7.36%) were represented by submucosal and non-SCC tumors. Among the 25 non-SCC tumors, 72% did not show any suspicious vascular pattern under NBI. The false-positive lesions (6.04%) were mainly represented by postradiotherapy mucosal changes, ulcers, and infections. Regarding papillomas, NBI accuracy reached 95.32%, although cases with dysplasia were difficult to distinguish from SCC.
CONCLUSION: The WLE + NBI improved diagnostic accuracy, but not all lesions were ideally evaluated with current defined patterns. An accurate anamnesis is mandatory, because, in some cases, it may be more relevant than the NBI pattern.

PMID: 29385299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Head and neck lymphedema management: Evaluation of a therapy program.

Head and neck lymphedema management: Evaluation of a therapy program.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Pigott A, Nixon J, Fleming J, Porceddu S

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this pilot study was to examine a therapeutic intervention for head and neck lymphedema. The 22-week intervention involved therapist-led care and participant self-management. Effectiveness was evaluated using a previously described lymphedema assessment tool, the Assessment of Lymphedema of the Head and Neck (ALOHA) to detect change over the course of the 22 weeks of treatment, and before and after a single treatment session.
METHODS: A prospective observational pilot study was conducted with a cohort of 10 participants assessed. Measurements of size (tape measurements) and water content (tissue dielectric constant [TDC]) were used, per the ALOHA protocol. Participants received 13 lymphedema therapy treatments at reducing frequencies over 22 weeks and daily self-management.
RESULTS: There was an overall significant reduction in lower neck circumference (F [2.15,19.35] = 7.11; P = .004), upper neck circumference (F [5,45] = 7.27; P < .001) and TDC (F (5,45) = 8.92; P < .001) over time. There were no significant differences over the course of treatment for mean ear-to-ear measurements or before and after a single session of treatment.
CONCLUSION: This pilot study found a reduction in head and neck lymphedema over the 22-week lymphedema treatment course. This intervention may be successful in reducing head and neck lymphedema; however, further studies are needed to investigate these findings in a larger sample with the use of a control group to negate improvements from healing over time.

PMID: 29385298 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Modified combination of platelet count and neutrophil "to" lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

Modified combination of platelet count and neutrophil "to" lymphocyte ratio as a prognostic factor in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Nakayama M, Gosho M, Hirose Y, Nishimura B, Tanaka S, Tabuchi K, Okubo H, Wada T, Hara A

Abstract
BACKGROUND: We evaluated the prognostic potential of the combination of platelet count and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (COP-NLR) in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.
METHODS: We proposed a modified COP-NLR scoring system defined as follows: score 0 (platelet count level <300 × 109 /L and NLR <3); score 1 (platelet count level ≥300 × 109 /L and NLR <3); and score 2 (NLR ≥3). We assessed whether the modified scoring system had better performance as an indicator of prognosis than the existing COP-NLR scoring system (original and 4-group scores).
RESULTS: A total of 248 patients were enrolled. The Akaike Information Criterion value with the modified COP-NLR score was the smallest among the 3 models. The 3-year survival rates according to the modified COP-NLR scores of 0, 1, and 2 were 80.6%, 59.9%, and 23.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: The modified COP-NLR score is a useful prognostic marker in patients with advanced head and neck cancer.

PMID: 29385295 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Outcomes utilizing intensity-modulated radiotherapy in oropharyngeal cancers: Tonsils versus base of tongue.

Outcomes utilizing intensity-modulated radiotherapy in oropharyngeal cancers: Tonsils versus base of tongue.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Kanakamedala MR, Giri SPG, Hamilton RD, Bhanat E, Vijayakumar S

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to present the outcomes of oropharyngeal cancers treated with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) especially the differences between tonsillar and base of tongue (BOT) primaries.
METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 124 patients with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinomas of the oropharynx, treated with IMRT.
RESULTS: Human papillomavirus (HPV) association correlated with improvement in survivals in both tonsillar and BOT primaries. At the 2-year median follow-up, the cumulative incidences of locoregional recurrences were 8% in both the tonsil and BOT groups (P = .76) but the distant metastases were 8% in the tonsil group versus 26% in the BOT group (P = .009). Thirty percent of tonsil primaries has ≥N2c neck disease as compared to 54% of BOT. Incidence of distant metastases increases with advanced nodal classification, especially >N2c.
CONCLUSION: Even though the locoregional controls are excellent with IMRT and chemotherapy, these patients continue to fail distantly, particularly significant for the BOT group and for nodal stage >N2c.

PMID: 29385294 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Application of Sal classification to parotid gland fine-needle aspiration cytology: 10-year retrospective analysis of 312 patients.

Application of Sal classification to parotid gland fine-needle aspiration cytology: 10-year retrospective analysis of 312 patients.

Head Neck. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Kilavuz AE, Songu M, İmre A, Arslanoğlu S, Özkul Y, Pinar E, Ateş D

Abstract
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is controversial in parotid tumors. We aimed to compare FNAB results with the final histopathological diagnosis and to apply the "Sal classification" to our data and discuss its results and its place in parotid gland cytology.
METHODS: The FNAB cytological findings and final histological diagnosis were assessed retrospectively in 2 different scenarios based on the distribution of nondefinitive cytology, and we applied the Sal classification and determined malignancy rate, sensitivity, and specificity for each category.
RESULTS: In 2 different scenarios FNAB sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were found to be 81%, 87%, 54.7%, and 96.1%; and 65.3%, 100%, 100%, and 96.1%, respectively. The malignancy rates and sensitivity and specificity were also calculated and discussed for each Sal category.
CONCLUSION: We believe that the Sal classification has a great potential to be a useful tool in classification of parotid gland cytology.

PMID: 29385293 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Different characteristics of a single sinonasal inverted papilloma from sequential PET-CT: A case report.

Different characteristics of a single sinonasal inverted papilloma from sequential PET-CT: A case report.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec;96(52):e9557

Authors: Kim JS, Kwon SH

Abstract
RATIONALE: Inverted papilloma (IP) is a benign tumor that should be monitored carefully because it frequently recurs and has the potential to become malignant.
PATIENT CONCERNS: We report a case of a 59-year-old woman who presented with a mass which had been found incidentally on positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET CT).
DIAGNOSES: Using endoscopy and CT, the preoperative diagnosis was inverted papilloma. PET CT showed a mass with hot uptake in the left ethmoid and frontal sinus (maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) = 7.80).
INTERVENTIONS: We performed endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) using 4 mm 0° and 70° endoscopes under general anesthesia. After 15 months of follow-up, remnant masses existed in the left frontal and supraorbital ethmoid cells. In the second PET CT taken at this time, a mass with lower SUV compared to the preoperative PET was observed in the lateral side of the left frontal sinus (SUVmax= 1.71). Revision ESS was performed using the "above and below" technique.
OUTCOMES: Two years after initial surgery, follow-up CT showed there was no tumor recurrence in the frontal sinus or supraorbital ethmoid cell. There were no complications such as numbness in the forehead area after the operations.
CONCLUSION: If the tumor is located at a site that is difficult to reach with an endoscope alone, it is faster and less painful to choose a more convenient approach for the patientand it can avoid unnecessary cost burden. It should also be noted that the SUV of PET is not a tool to distinguish IP from other inflammatory polyps or cancer.

PMID: 29384975 [PubMed - in process]

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Pembrolizumab for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Asian population.

Pembrolizumab for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in an Asian population.

Medicine (Baltimore). 2017 Dec;96(52):e9519

Authors: Chen WC, Chu PY, Lee YT, Lu WB, Liu CY, Chang PM, Yang MH

Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has a high prevalence and is a major cause of cancer deaths in Taiwan. However, there is still no effective salvage therapy that prolongs the life expectancy of patients with recurrent/metastatic (R/M) HNSCC. Immune checkpoint therapy that targets the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) may provide clinical benefit for these patients. We analyzed 22 R/M HNSCC patients who received pembrolizumab, a monoclonal antibody against PD-1, as salvage therapy. Intravenous pembrolizumab was given at a fixed dosage of 100 or 200 mg every 3 weeks. Three patients also received local palliative radiotherapy, but no patients received chemotherapy or targeted drugs. Seventeen patients (77.3%) received at least 3 cycles of pembrolizumab. Based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria (ver. 1.1), 2 patients (9.1%) had complete response, 5 (22.7%) had partial response, and 6 (27.3%) had stable disease, corresponding to a disease control rate of 59.1%. Four patients had confirmed disease progression, 2 of whom had continuous progression over the target lesion after shrinkage of other metastases. One patient developed immune-related pneumonitis that resolved quickly after steroid treatment. Another patient developed itchy skin rashes immediately after administration of pembrolizumab, and this was controlled by an antihistamine. There were no other severe adverse effects. Pembrolizumab is beneficial and well-tolerated for some patients with refractory R/M HNSCC. However, it is important to identify biomarkers to identify the most responsive patients when designing future trials.

PMID: 29384959 [PubMed - in process]

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Brevetoxin exposure in sea turtles in south Texas (USA) during Karenia brevis red tide.

Brevetoxin exposure in sea turtles in south Texas (USA) during Karenia brevis red tide.

Dis Aquat Organ. 2018 Jan 31;127(2):145-150

Authors: Walker JS, Shaver DJ, Stacy BA, Flewelling LJ, Broadwater MH, Wang Z

Abstract
Five green (Chelonia mydas) and 11 Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) sea turtles found dead, or that died soon after stranding, on the southern Texas (USA) coast during 2 Karenia brevis blooms (October 2015, September-October 2016) were tested for exposure to brevetoxins (PbTx). Tissues (liver, kidney) and digesta (stomach and intestinal contents) were analyzed by ELISA. Three green turtles found alive during the 2015 event and 2 Kemp's ridley turtles found alive during the 2016 event exhibited signs of PbTx exposure, including lethargy and/or convulsions of the head and neck. PbTx were detected in 1 or more tissues or digesta in all 16 stranded turtles. Detected PbTx concentrations ranged from 2 to >2000 ng g-1. Necropsy examination and results of PbTx analysis indicated that 10 of the Kemp's ridleys and 2 of the green turtles died from brevetoxicosis via ingestion. This is the first documentation of sea turtle mortality in Texas attributed to brevetoxicosis.

PMID: 29384484 [PubMed - in process]

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Helmet Clasp Cracks Larynx? A Case Series and Literature Review.

Helmet Clasp Cracks Larynx? A Case Series and Literature Review.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2018 Jan 01;:3489418755405

Authors: Ostby ET, Crawley BK

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Helmet use is well known to greatly reduce the risk of head injury in both bicycle and motorcycle riding. However, helmet buckle position may increase the risk of injury to the neck cartilages. We present a series of cases in which thyroid cartilage fracture is presumed to arise from the position of the helmet buckle during a crash. Our objective with this case series is to outline an unusual series of cases and review the literature regarding laryngeal injuries secondary to helmet impact.
DESIGN: Single institution case series.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present 3 adult patients with laryngeal fractures following bicycle and motorcycle accidents. Medical records were reviewed for history.
RESULTS: All patients in this series presented with voice or swallowing complaints and were found to have thyroid cartilage fractures. It was determined that the buckle of the helmet was positioned overlying the larynx during these accidents, so the impact and flexion of the head and neck may have produced sufficient force against it to fracture the cartilage. A literature search yielded works supporting helmet use for head and brain protection but only a single report of laryngeal injuries secondary to helmet use.
CONCLUSIONS: Though wearing a helmet is protective against head injuries, it may create serious risk to the neck cartilages when the buckle is positioned adjacent to the larynx. Rare but serious, neck cartilage fracture should be considered in helmeted cycling accidents. It may be reasonable to advance a helmet design that positions the buckle and other nonpliable components laterally, away from neck cartilages.

PMID: 29383952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Gustatory Function in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Gustatory Function in Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2018 Jan 01;:3489418754583

Authors: Wolf A, Renner B, Tomazic PV, Mueller CA

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Recent research has shown that taste receptors in airway epithelial cells are involved in defending against upper respiratory tract infection. The aim of the present study was to investigate gustatory function in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).
METHODS: Taste function was assessed using the extended "taste strip" test in 37 patients with CRS (20 males, 17 females; mean age = 32.1 years; range, 20-82 years) and 135 healthy controls (70 males, 65 females; mean age = 29.5 years; range, 18-84 years).
RESULTS: The mean (±SD) total extended taste score was 12.8 (±3.5) in patients and 14.5 (±3.2) in controls. Analysis of variance indicated an interaction of sinusitis and gender ( P < .05) with significantly lower total scores and significantly poorer results for the bitter taste among male patients compared to controls ( P < .01). In addition, CRS patients exhibited a trend toward decreased sweet taste perception compared to controls, but this did not reach significance ( P = .051).
CONCLUSIONS: Patients with CRS exhibited decreased gustatory function compared to healthy controls. The effect was most pronounced for bitter taste. Thus, the assessment of gustatory function seems to be useful for detecting potential risk factors for recurrent upper respiratory tract infection.

PMID: 29383951 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Multiple roles of Ring 1 and YY1 binding protein in physiology and disease.

Multiple roles of Ring 1 and YY1 binding protein in physiology and disease.

J Cell Mol Med. 2018 Jan 31;:

Authors: Zhan S, Wang T, Ge W, Li J

Abstract
Ring 1 and YY1 binding protein (RYBP) was first identified in 1999, and its structure includes a conserved Npl4 Zinc finger motif at the N-terminus, a central region that is characteristically enriched with arginine and lysine residues and a C-terminal region enriched with serine and threonine amino acids. Over nearly 20 years, multiple studies have found that RYBP functions as an organ developmental adaptor. There is also evidence that RYBP regulates the expression of different genes involved in various aspects of biological processes, via a mechanism that is dependent on interactions with components of PcG complexes and/or through binding to different transcriptional factors. In addition, RYBP interacts directly or indirectly with apoptosis-associated proteins to mediate anti-apoptotic or pro-apoptotic activity in both the cytoplasm and nucleus of various cell types. Furthermore, RYBP has also been shown to act as tumour suppressor gene in different solid tumours, but as an oncogene in lymphoma and melanoma. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the functions of this multifaceted RYBP in physiological and pathological conditions, including embryonic development, apoptosis and cancer, as well as its role as a component of polycomb repressive complex 1.

PMID: 29383875 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Comparing Human and Mouse Salivary Glands: A Practice Guide for Salivary Researchers.

Comparing Human and Mouse Salivary Glands: A Practice Guide for Salivary Researchers.

Oral Dis. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Maruyama CL, Monroe M, Hunt J, Buchmann L, Baker OJ

Abstract
Mice are a widely utilized in vivo model for translational salivary gland research but must be used with caution. Specifically, mouse salivary glands are similar in many ways to human salivary glands (i.e., in terms of their anatomy, histology and physiology) and are both readily available and relatively easy and affordable to maintain. However, there are some significant differences between the two organisms, and by extension, the salivary glands derived from them that must be taken into account for translational studies. The current review details pertinent similarities and differences between human and mouse salivary glands and offers practical guidelines for using both for research purposes. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 29383862 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Contrast-enhanced cadaver-specific computed tomography in gross anatomy teaching.

Contrast-enhanced cadaver-specific computed tomography in gross anatomy teaching.

Eur Radiol. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Paech D, Klopries K, Doll S, Nawrotzki R, Schlemmer HP, Giesel FL, Kuner T

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To establish contrast-enhanced (CE) cadaver-specific post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) in first-year gross anatomy teaching and quantitatively evaluate its learning benefit.
METHODS: 132 first-year medical students were included in this IRB-approved study and randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=59) provided with continuous access to CE and non-enhanced (NE) cadaver-specific PMCT-scans during the first-semester gross anatomy course, and a control group (n=73) that had only NE cadaver-specific PMCT data available. Four multiple-choice tests were carried out (15 questions each) subsequent to completion of the corresponding anatomy module: Head and neck anatomy, extremities, thorax, and abdomen. Median test results were compared in each module between the groups using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Additionally, participants of the intervention group answered a 15-item feedback-questionnaire.
RESULTS: The intervention group achieved significantly higher test scores in head and neck anatomy (median=12.0, IQR=10.0-13.0) versus the control group (median=10.5, IQR=9.0-12.0) (p<0.01). There were no significant differences in the comparison of other modules. CEPMCT was highly appreciated by undergraduate medical students.
CONCLUSIONS: The incorporation of contrast-enhanced cadaver-specific PMCT-scans in gross anatomy teaching was proven to be feasible in the framework of the medical curriculum and significantly improved the students' learning performance in head and neck anatomy.
KEY POINTS: • Cadaver-specific contrast-enhanced post-mortem CT (CEPMCT) is feasible in the medical curriculum. • CEPMCT yields significantly improved learning performance in head and neck anatomy (p<0.01). • CEPMCT is highly appreciated by medical students and used in tutor- or self-guided modes.

PMID: 29383525 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Oral health impact profile of head and neck cancer patients after or before oncologic treatment: an observational analytic case-control study.

Oral health impact profile of head and neck cancer patients after or before oncologic treatment: an observational analytic case-control study.

Support Care Cancer. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Stuani VT, Santos PSS, Damante CA, Zangrando MSR, Greghi SLA, Rezende MLR, Sant'Ana ACP

Abstract
PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of oral health on the quality of life of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) before and after oncologic treatment.
METHODS: Forty cancer-free individuals (Cf group) and 40 HNC patients (Hnc group) were included in this study. Hnc group was also divided into two subgroups: Hnc 1 (pre-cancer therapy, n = 20) and Hnc 2 (post-cancer therapy, n = 20). Participants were asked to complete a short form of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). The results were statistically analyzed with the multivariate analysis of variance with post-hoc Scheffé multiple comparison.
RESULTS: It was observed a moderate impact on the quality of life on HNC patients, with values on Hnc 2 group significantly higher in the functional limitation when compared to the Hnc 1 group (p < 0.05). When compared to the Cf group, the values found on Hnc group were higher on functional limitation (p < 0.01) and at the total score (p < 0.05), whereas Hnc 2 group had significant superior values on functional limitation (p < 0.01), physical pain (p < 0.05), and total score (p < 0.01) CONCLUSION: These results show that there is an oral impairment that depreciates the quality of life of patients with an experience of HNC, principally after treatment, indicating the importance of the inclusion of professionals responsible for dental and oral care with the oncologic team to monitor the oral condition of these patients.

PMID: 29383509 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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[Diagnostic and predictive molecular pathology of head and neck neoplasms].

[Diagnostic and predictive molecular pathology of head and neck neoplasms].

Pathologe. 2018 Jan 30;:

Authors: Agaimy A, Weichert W, Haller F, Hartmann A

Abstract
As a result of some seminal observations as well as a consequence of increasing use of modern and innovative molecular diagnostic technologies, a variety of new genetic aberrations have been discovered in head and neck neoplasms of different anatomic locations and histogenetic origins. These advances resulted in the establishment of new molecularly defined disease entities. On the other hand, some of these new genetic biomarkers paved the way to potentially promising novel therapeutic opportunities. Diverse old (well known in other entities) and newly discovered translocations and gene fusions represent the leading subgroup of these genetic aberrations. They have been detected not only in malignant epithelial neoplasms (carcinomas) of the salivary glands, but also in carcinomas from other head and neck sites as well as diverse mesenchymal tumors. In addition to these gene fusions, several activating mutations (such as CTNNB1 in sinonasal glomangiopericytoma) as well as inactivating mutations or deletions (like SMARCB1 loss in sinonasal carcinomas) were detected as new molecular markers. In the present review we summarize the relevant molecular alterations in topographically and histopathologically distinct tumors of the head and neck region with emphasis on recently established molecular markers.

PMID: 29383488 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Retropharyngeal Space Schwannoma: A Rare Entity.

Retropharyngeal Space Schwannoma: A Rare Entity.

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Nov;29(95):353-357

Authors: Gallo S, Bandi F, Maffioli MP, Giudice M, Castelnuovo P, Fazio E, Karligkiotis A

Abstract
Introduction: Retropharyngeal space schwannomas are rare entities. About 20-45% of schwannomas occur in the head and neck region; however, they represent less than 1% of all head and neck tumors.
Case Report: We present the case of a 36-year-old woman complaining of dysphagia caused by a large schwannoma arising in the posterior pharyngeal wall with remarkable reduction of the oropharyngeal space. The tumor was resected through a combined transoral and cervicotomic transmandibular approach due to its dimension. No recurrence was observed after a two-year follow up. This case represents the thirteenth case reported in international literature.
Conclusion: Preoperative settings for rare tumors such as retropharyngeal schwannomas should include radiological investigations and preoperative biopsy. In order to obtain a successful result in terms of radicality, a combined surgical approach may be necessary to completely control the extension of the lesion.

PMID: 29383317 [PubMed]

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Solitary Head and Neck Cysticercosis: A Series of Rare Cases.

Solitary Head and Neck Cysticercosis: A Series of Rare Cases.

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Nov;29(95):347-351

Authors: Chakraborty P, Kumari R, Jain RK, Prasad V, Pradhan S, Joshi P

Abstract
Introduction: Cysticercosis is a disease which is caused by the infestation of the larvae Taenia solium, with humans acting as an intermediate host instead of a definitive host. Head and neck involvement including maxillofacial and oral involvement of cysticercosis is quite rare.
Case Report: We report a series of rare cases of cysticercosis of the head and neck region encountered in a tertiary hospital in Northern India with a brief review of literature and its diagnosis and management. The patients had undergone ultrasonography, FNAC and CT scan. All the cases were treated by Oral Albendazole tablets. The period of study was from August 2014 to August 2015. FNAC proved to be a highly effective way of diagnosis corroborated by imaging evidence. Treatment with albendazole was curative in all the cases.
Conclusions: Cytopathology has emerged as an excellent diagnostic modality for cysticercosis. Medical treatment with antihelminthics produces excellent results, as illustrated in our case, and can eliminate the need of surgery.

PMID: 29383316 [PubMed]

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It may not be time to clean out the sample closets.

It may not be time to clean out the sample closets.

J Dermatolog Treat. 2018 Feb;29(1):1-2

Authors: Feldman SR

PMID: 29384038 [PubMed - in process]

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Models of retinal diseases and their applicability in drug discovery.

Models of retinal diseases and their applicability in drug discovery.

Expert Opin Drug Discov. 2018 Jan 30;:1-19

Authors: Malek G, Busik J, Grant MB, Choudhary M

Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The impact of vision debilitating diseases is a global public health concern, which will continue until effective preventative and management protocols are developed. Two retinal diseases responsible for the majority of vision loss in the working age adults and elderly populations are diabetic retinopathy (DR) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD), respectively. Model systems, which recapitulate aspects of human pathology, are valid experimental modalities that have contributed to the identification of signaling pathways involved in disease development and consequently potential therapies. Areas covered: The pathology of DR and AMD, which serve as the basis for designing appropriate models of disease, is discussed. The authors also review in vitro and in vivo models of DR and AMD and evaluate the utility of these models in exploratory and pre-clinical studies. Expert opinion: The complex nature of non-Mendelian diseases such as DR and AMD has made identification of effective therapeutic treatments challenging. However, the authors believe that while in vivo models are often criticized for not being a 'perfect' recapitulation of disease, they have been valuable experimentally when used with consideration of the strengths and limitations of the experimental model selected and have a place in the drug discovery process.

PMID: 29382242 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity correlates with auditory-motor processing of vocal pitch errors.

http:--linkinghub.elsevier.com-ihub-imag

Regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity correlates with auditory-motor processing of vocal pitch errors.

Neuroimage. 2016 Nov 15;142:565-575

Authors: Guo Z, Huang X, Wang M, Jones JA, Dai Z, Li W, Liu P, Liu H

Abstract
It has been well documented that speakers produce rapid compensatory vocal adjustments for errors they perceive in their auditory feedback. The fact that they differ greatly in the degree to which they compensate for perceived errors, however, has received much less attention. The present study investigated whether intrinsic brain activity during resting can predict an individual's behavioral and cortical responses in compensating for pitch-shifted auditory feedback during vocalization. This relationship was investigated by correlating the regional homogeneity (ReHo) of resting-state fMRI signals with the vocal compensation and event-related potentials (N1 and P2) in response to pitch shifts of -200 and -500 cents. Behaviorally, the magnitudes of vocal compensation were significantly correlated with the ReHo values in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) for both -200 and -500 cents, the right primary motor cortex (M1) for -200 cents, and the left premotor cortex (PMC) for -500 cents. For both pitch shift sizes, there were significant correlations between ReHo and N1 amplitude in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right superior temporal gyrus (STG), bilateral M1, and left SMA. Significant correlations between ReHo and P2 amplitude were observed in the bilateral IFG, right STG, left SMA and M1 for -200 and -500 cents, the left PMC for -200 cents, and the right SMA for -500 cents. These findings provide the first evidence that regional homogeneity of intrinsic brain activity can predict behavioral and cortical responses in compensating for pitch errors in voice auditory feedback.

PMID: 27502049 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Visual deviant stimuli produce mismatch responses in the amplitude dynamics of neuronal oscillations.

Visual deviant stimuli produce mismatch responses in the amplitude dynamics of neuronal oscillations.

Neuroimage. 2016 Nov 15;142:645-655

Authors: Tugin S, Hernandez-Pavon JC, Ilmoniemi RJ, Nikulin VV

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Auditory and visual deviant stimuli evoke mismatch negativity (MMN) responses, which can be recorded with electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). However, little is known about the role of neuronal oscillations in encoding of rare stimuli. We aimed at verifying the existence of a mechanism for the detection of deviant visual stimuli on the basis of oscillatory responses, so-called visual mismatch oscillatory response (vMOR).
METHODS: Peripheral visual stimuli in an oddball paradigm, standard vs. deviant (7:1), were presented to twenty healthy subjects. The oscillatory responses to an infrequent change in the direction of moving peripheral stimuli were recorded with a 60-channel EEG system. In order to enhance the detection of oscillatory responses, we used the common spatial pattern (CSP) algorithm, designed for the optimal extraction of changes in the amplitude of oscillations.
RESULTS: Both standard and deviant visual stimuli produced Event-Related Desynchronization (ERD) and Synchronization (ERS) primarily in the occipito-parietal cortical areas. ERD and ERS had overlapping time-courses and peaked at about 500-730 ms. These oscillatory responses, however, were significantly stronger for the deviant than for the standard stimuli. A difference between the oscillatory responses to deviant and standard stimuli thus reflects the presence of vMOR.
CONCLUSIONS: The present study shows that the detection of visual deviant stimuli can be reflected in both synchronization and desynchronization of neuronal oscillations. This broadens our knowledge about the brain mechanisms encoding deviant sensory stimuli.

PMID: 27431760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Don't forget the lyrics! Spatiotemporal dynamics of neural mechanisms spontaneously evoked by gaps of silence in familiar and newly learned songs.

Don't forget the lyrics! Spatiotemporal dynamics of neural mechanisms spontaneously evoked by gaps of silence in familiar and newly learned songs.

Neurobiol Learn Mem. 2016 Jul;132:18-28

Authors: Gabriel D, Wong TC, Nicolier M, Giustiniani J, Mignot C, Noiret N, Monnin J, Magnin E, Pazart L, Moulin T, Haffen E, Vandel P

Abstract
The vast majority of people experience musical imagery, the sensation of reliving a song in absence of any external stimulation. Internal perception of a song can be deliberate and effortful, but also may occur involuntarily and spontaneously. Moreover, musical imagery is also involuntarily used for automatically completing missing parts of music or lyrics from a familiar song. The aim of our study was to explore the onset of musical imagery dynamics that leads to the automatic completion of missing lyrics. High-density electroencephalography was used to record the cerebral activity of twenty healthy volunteers while they were passively listening to unfamiliar songs, very familiar songs, and songs previously listened to for two weeks. Silent gaps inserted into these songs elicited a series of neural activations encompassing perceptual, attentional and cognitive mechanisms (range 100-500ms). Familiarity and learning effects emerged as early as 100ms and lasted 400ms after silence occurred. Although participants reported more easily mentally imagining lyrics in familiar rather than passively learnt songs, the onset of neural mechanisms and the power spectrum underlying musical imagery were similar for both types of songs. This study offers new insights into the musical imagery dynamics evoked by gaps of silence and on the role of familiarity and learning processes in the generation of these dynamics. The automatic and effortless method presented here is a potentially useful tool to understand failure in the familiarity and learning processes of pathological populations.

PMID: 27131744 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Helmet Clasp Cracks Larynx? A Case Series and Literature Review.

Helmet Clasp Cracks Larynx? A Case Series and Literature Review.

Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2018 Jan 01;:3489418755405

Authors: Ostby ET, Crawley BK

PMID: 29383952 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Xanthoma Disseminatum Presenting with Hoarseness.

Xanthoma Disseminatum Presenting with Hoarseness.

Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2017 Nov;29(95):365-368

Authors: Behera B, Malathi M, Thappa DM, Vamanshankar H, Parida PK, Gochhait D

Abstract
Introduction: Xanthoma disseminatum (XD) is a rare, benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disorder with unknown etio-pathology. It manifests with multiple, grouped, red-brown to yellow papules and nodules involving the skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs with a predilection for flexures and the face.
Case Report: We report a patient who presented with disseminated xanthomatous papules and nodules involving the face, neck, trunk, axilla, groin, and oral cavity, along with hoarseness of voice. Video laryngoscopy revealed multiple yellowish nodules over the base of the tongue, vallecula, laryngeal surface of the epiglottis, ary-epiglottic folds, interarytenoid region, and subglottic region. Histopathology was suggestive of xanthoma disseminatum and the patient was treated with tablet acitretin 25mg daily for three months without any response. Following this, the patient was prescribed tablet thalidomide 100 mg daily without any significant improvement at the end of two months.
Conclusion: Xanthoma disseminatum is a very rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that classically presents with cutaneous xanthomas, mucosal xanthomas, and diabetes insipidus. Hoarseness of voice due to lesions involving the larynx is a rare symptom. Because the disease has punctated, numerous relapses and causes morbidity to the patient, its multisystem manifestations have to be known. Therefore, xanthoma disseminatum has to be kept in mind as a differential diagnosis for hoarseness of voice.

PMID: 29383319 [PubMed]

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Effects on Swallowing When Treating Unilateral Vocal Fold Palsy.

http:--journals.sagepub.com-pb-assets-sa

Effects on Swallowing When Treating Unilateral Vocal Fold Palsy.

Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2016 09;155(3):543

Authors: Karkos P

PMID: 27587389 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Neurobrucellosis: diagnostic and clinical management of an atypical case.

Neurobrucellosis: diagnostic and clinical management of an atypical case.

New Microbiol. 2018 Jan 31;41(1)

Authors: Rossi M, Tascini C, Carannante N, Di Caprio G, Sofia S, Iacobello C

Abstract
Brucellosis is the most common zoonosis in the world and it is caused by ingestion of foods contaminated by Brucella spp. that is able to avoid the immune system and can involve every organ system. The bacteria may affect the Central Nervous System (CNS) directly or using phagocytic cells with the way of the "Trojan Horse Model". Meningitis is the most common form of neuro-brucellosis (NB) but other neurological manifestation, with variable onset, such as severe encephalic involvement, neuropathy, vascular damage, radiculitis and hydrocephalus might happened. NB may manifest itself with an acute or chronic onset and could be the only manifestation of the infection or appearance during the systemic disease. Frequently the diagnosis might be very difficult and the clinical characteristics and the microbiological demonstration in the blood and in the CSF are necessary. The prognosis of brucella meningitis is generally better than other forms of chronic meningitis except for encephalitis or spinal cord involvement. The treatment is based on the combination of two or three antibiotics to achieve normalization of the cerebrospinal fluid parameters otherwise relapse are relatively frequent. We describe an atypical case of brucellar meningitis with many stroke-like signs, think as recurrent cerebrovascular events and treated with antithrombotic therapy, but without meningeal syndrome.

PMID: 29384559 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 (pUL83): a key player in innate immune evasion.

The human cytomegalovirus tegument protein pp65 (pUL83): a key player in innate immune evasion.

New Microbiol. 2018 Jan 31;41(1)

Authors: Biolatti M, Dell'Oste V, De Andrea M, Landolfo S

Abstract
The germline encoded proteins serving as "pattern recognition receptors" (PRRs) constitute the earliest step in the innate immune response by recognizing the "pathogen-associated molecular patterns" (PAMPs) that comprise microbe nucleic acids and proteins usually absent from healthy hosts. Upon detection of exogenous nucleic acid two different innate immunity signaling cascades are activated. The first culminates in the production of chemokines, cytokines, and type I interferons (IFN-I), while the second leads to inflammasome complex formation. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the -herpesvirus subfamily, is a wide spread pathogen that infects a vast majority of the world's population. The virion has an icosahedral capsid that contains a linear dsDNA genome of approximately 240 kb, surrounded by an outer lipid envelope and a proteinaceous tegument containing several viral proteins. Despite the numerous and multifaceted antiviral effects of IFNs and cytokines, HCMV is able to invade, multiply, and establish persistent infection in healthy human hosts. To achieve this goal the virus has developed different strategies to block the IFN-I response and to alter the physiological outcomes of the IFN-inducible genes. This article focuses on HCMV tegument pp65 by reviewing its mechanisms of action in favoring virus evasion from the host innate immune response.

PMID: 29384558 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Transcatheter embolization of a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm in a cirrhotic patient with perforated acute cholecystitis.

Transcatheter embolization of a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm in a cirrhotic patient with perforated acute cholecystitis.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):521-523

Authors: Maddineni S, D Lim MM, McCabe S, Rozenblit G

PMID: 29379251 [PubMed]

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Informed consent in diagnostic radiology practice: Where do we stand?

Informed consent in diagnostic radiology practice: Where do we stand?

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):517-520

Authors: Baheti AD, Thakur MH, Jankharia B

Abstract
We review the evolution of the concept of informed consent from a radiology standpoint, the current international guidelines on the need for obtaining consent in diagnostic radiology practice, and the current Indian scenario, focusing on both practical and medicolegal aspects. We discuss the concept of patient information sheet with signature, a potential way forward benefiting both patients and radiologists.

PMID: 29379250 [PubMed]

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Is there a clinical usefulness for radiolabeled somatostatin analogues beyond the consolidated role in NETs?

Is there a clinical usefulness for radiolabeled somatostatin analogues beyond the consolidated role in NETs?

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):509-516

Authors: Cuccurullo V, Di Stasio GD, Prisco MR, Mansi L

Abstract
The somatostatin (SS) receptor scintigraphy (SRS), using octreotide radiolabelled with 111In (Ocreoscan©, OCT), is a consolidated diagnostic procedure in patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) because of an increased expression of somatostatin receptors (SS-R) on neoplastic cells. Uptake of SS analogues (SSA) can also be due to SS-R expression on nonmalignant cells when activated as lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts, vascular cells. Because of this uptake, clinical indications can be found either in neoplasms not overexpressing SS-R, as nonsmall cell lung cancer, and in active benign diseases. Nevertheless, clinical application of SRS has not found clinical relevance yet. In this paper, we discuss the nononcologic fields of clinical interest in which SRS could play a clinical role such as diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of benign and chronic diseases such as sarcoidosis, histiocytosis, rheumatoid arthritis, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and Graves' ophthalmopathy.

PMID: 29379249 [PubMed]

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Abdominal aorta aneurysm with hostile neck: Early outcomes in outside instruction for use in patients using the treovance® stent graft.

Abdominal aorta aneurysm with hostile neck: Early outcomes in outside instruction for use in patients using the treovance® stent graft.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):503-508

Authors: Rossi UG, Torcia P, Dallatana R, Santuari D, Mingazzini P, Cariati M

Abstract
Purpose: The efficacy and safety of endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR), in patients outside instruction for use (IFU), is very challenging and widely debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the placement of the Treovance® abdominal aorta stent-graft in patients with hostile proximal necks considered outside IFU.
Materials and Methods: Between May 2013 and August 2014, 5 patients with outside IFU underwent EVAR with the Treovance® stent-graft. Technical and clinical successes were evaluated. All 5 patients underwent clinical and imaging follow-up.
Results: Technical and clinical successes were achieved in all 5 patients without adjunctive endovascular procedures or surgical conversion. During the mean follow-up of 21 months, no type I/III endoleaks, stent-graft migration nor kinking/occlusion were observed. In all 5 patients, a reduction of the proximal neck angle was observed.
Conclusion: In our small series of selected outside IFU patients, EVAR with the Treovance® stent-graft was technically feasible and safe, with satisfactory short-term follow-up results, when performed by experienced operators. Long-term follow-up will be necessary to confirm the durability of our preliminary promising results.

PMID: 29379248 [PubMed]

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Radiofrequency ablation of surface v/s intraparenchymal hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.

Radiofrequency ablation of surface v/s intraparenchymal hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhotic patients.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):496-502

Authors: Patidar Y, Singhal P, Gupta S, Mukund A, Sarin SK

Abstract
Objective: To retrospectively evaluate the safety and technical efficacy of percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of surface hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in comparison to intraparenchymal HCC in cirrhotic patients.
Materials and Methods: Surface lesions were defined as tumours located or reaching within 1cm of liver capsule including exophytic lesions. Seventy-four surface HCC including 21 exophytic in 58 patients (surface group) and 60 intraparenchymal HCC in 54 patients (intraparenchymal group) measuring up to 4 cm in maximum extent underwent percutaneous [ultrasound (US) or computed tomography-guided (CT-guided)] RFA. The response to the treatment was assessed by contrast enhanced CT/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) done at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of RFA and thereafter every 4-6 months. In case of features suggesting residual disease, a repeat RFA was performed. The technical success after single-session RFA, complications and disease recurrence rates were calculated and compared between two groups.
Results: Technical success achieved after first session of RFA in surface HCC was 95% (70/74) and intraparenchymal HCC was 97% (58/60). Hundred percent secondary success rate was achieved in both groups after second repeat RFA in residual lesion. No major difference in complication and local recurrence rate in both group on follow-up in surface HCC and intraparenchymal HCC. No case of needle track, peritoneal seeding, and treatment mortality was found.
Conclusions: The complication rate and efficacy of RFA for surface and exophytic HCC's were comparable to that of intraparenchymal HCC. Hence surface and exophytic lesions should not be considered a contraindication for RFA in cirrhotic patients.

PMID: 29379247 [PubMed]

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Endovascular uterine artery interventions.

Endovascular uterine artery interventions.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):488-495

Authors: Das CJ, Rathinam D, Manchanda S, Srivastava DN

Abstract
Percutaneous vascular embolization plays an important role in the management of various gynecologic and obstetric abnormalities. Transcatheter embolization is a minimally invasive alternative procedure to surgery with reduced morbidity and mortality, and preserves the patient's future fertility potential. The clinical indications for transcatheter embolization are much broader and include many benign gynecologic conditions, such as fibroid, adenomyosis, and arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), as well as intractable bleeding due to inoperable advanced-stage malignancies. The most well-known and well-studied indication is uterine fibroid embolization. Uterine artery embolization (UAE) may be performed to prevent or treat bleeding associated with various obstetric conditions, including postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), placental implantation abnormality, and ectopic pregnancy. Embolization of the uterine artery or the internal iliac artery also may be performed to control pelvic bleeding due to coagulopathy or iatrogenic injury. This article discusses these gynecologic and obstetric indications for transcatheter embolization and reviews procedural techniques and outcomes.

PMID: 29379246 [PubMed]

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Role of transperineal ultrasound in infective and inflammatory disorders.

Role of transperineal ultrasound in infective and inflammatory disorders.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):482-487

Authors: Puranik CI, Wadhwani VJ, Vora DM

Abstract
Aims: To evaluate the role of transperineal ultrasound as screening tool in infective and inflammatory diseases of perianal region.
Materials and Methods: Initially, clinical examination of the perineal region of patients (pts) for perianal external opening of tracts, swelling and tenderness is done. The perineal USG was performed using 2 -5 MHz sector probe and 7 -13 MHz linear probe on GE logiq P 5 ultrasound machine. Internal opening of any fistulous tract were described with clockwise position and tracts were traced upto their external opening and perifocal area were screened for any ramification. The Park et al. classification was used for classifying the tracts.
Results: Out of 492 pts, 60 pts were normal, 257 pts had fistula, 114 pts had sinuses, 44 pts had only abscess without fistula or sinus and 17 pts had other pathologies with 95% sensitivity (Sn), 100% specificity (Sp) and Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and 95% Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for fistula and 94% Sn, 97% Sp, 89% PPV and 98% NPV for active sinuses and 98% Sp, 96% ppv and 100% NPV and Sn for abscesses.
Conclusions: Transperineal Ultrasound should be performed as first line imaging modality for suspicion of low perianal fistula with high sensitivity, specificity, and negative predictive value at much lower cost and less time as compared to perineal MRI.

PMID: 29379245 [PubMed]

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Review of imaging in post-laparoscopy cholecystectomy complications.

Review of imaging in post-laparoscopy cholecystectomy complications.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):470-481

Authors: Sureka B, Mukund A

Abstract
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is now considered the procedure of choice for uncomplicated symptomatic gallstone disease worldwide. Various biliary, vascular, gastrointestinal, neurological and local complications may be seen on imaging post surgery. Knowledge of these entities and imaging appearances is indispensable for the radiologist in today's era. We emphasize on the list of potential complications and imaging appearances of this surgical procedure.

PMID: 29379244 [PubMed]

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Evaluation of parenchymal thyroid diseases with multiparametric ultrasonography.

Evaluation of parenchymal thyroid diseases with multiparametric ultrasonography.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):463-469

Authors: Yildirim D, Alis D, Bakir A, Ustabasioglu FE, Samanci C, Colakoglu B

Abstract
Aim: Differential diagnosis of parenchymal thyroid diseases by gray-scale ultrasound is quite difficult for a radiologist as the findings are very similar to each other. In this study we aimed to assess some quantitative spectral Doppler parameters, resistivity index (RI), acceleration time (AT), and quantitative elastography [shear wave velocity (SWV)] together to show their reliability for differential diagnosis of parenchymal thyroid diseases.
Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed findings of 227 patients (179 females, 48 males) that underwent spectral Doppler ultrasound and acoustic radiation force impulse between October 2013 and March 2016. Ages of the patients were between 18 and 74 years (39.52 ± 12.67). Based on clinical and laboratory findings, patients were divided into five groups (N: Normal, EH: Early Hashimoto, H: Late Hashimoto, M: Nodular Thyroid Disease, HM: Hashimoto + Nodular Thyroid Disease). Detailed statistical analyses were done on parameters such as age, gender, volume information, and RI, AT (ms), SWV (m/s).
Results: No significant effect of gender or volume on the differentiation of disease pattern (Chi-square test: P = 0.306, Kruskal-Wallis test: P = 0.290) was found in this study. RI (0.41 ± 0.06) and SWV values (1.19 ± 0.18 m/s) were the lowest. AT values (>55 ms) were the highest in EH group (area under the curve: 0.913). Existence of H decreased RI and SWV values, while it extended AT in a different thyroid disease.
Conclusion: Thyroid parenchymal diseases could be classified and differentiated from each other by measuring RI, AT, and SWV values quantitatively. So, in suspicious cases, these parameters could be a reliable asset for differential diagnosis.

PMID: 29379243 [PubMed]

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Diffusion tensor imaging metrics in cystic intracranial mass lesions.

Diffusion tensor imaging metrics in cystic intracranial mass lesions.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):457-462

Authors: Chellathurai A, Muthaiyan P, Gnanasigamani S, Alakappan P

Abstract
Background and Purpose: Conventional MR does not always differentiate various cystic lesions of brain. Our purpose was to explore the utility of DTI in characterization & differentiation of intra cranial cystic mass lesions.
Materials and Methods: DTI was done with a clinical 1.5 Tesla system in 62 patients presenting with intra cranial cystic lesions. Parameter maps of the DTI metrics MD, FA, GA, RA, Geometric tensors (CL,CP,CS) were calculated & quantified using regions of interest. Cystic lesions were grouped based on etiology and management. Statistical analysis was performed to test the significance of difference in DTI metrics in differentiation of various groups of cystic lesions of brain.
Results: Mann-Whitney U Test was done to analyse the usefulness of various DTI metrics in differentiating the intracranial cysts. Epidermoid cysts showed highest FA, RA, Cl & Cp due to the preferential diffusion of water through the well structured orientation of keratin filaments & flakes within it. Neurocysticercosis showed higher FA, next to epidermoid. Abscesses showed lowest MD. Arachanoid cyst, giant cistern magna, choroid fissure cyst, choroid plexus cyst, ependymal & neuroglial cysts showed higher MD & lower FA, implicating no preferential directional diffusivity.
Conclusion: DTI does prove useful in characterization and differentiation of intracranial cystic mass lesions. This study implicates the need for inclusion of DTI in the routine protocol of imaging cystic intracranial mass lesions.

PMID: 29379242 [PubMed]

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Comparison of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient among hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stages 1, 2, and 3 and with nonasphyxiated newborns in 18 areas of brain.

Comparison of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient among hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy stages 1, 2, and 3 and with nonasphyxiated newborns in 18 areas of brain.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):447-456

Authors: Kushwah S, Kumar A, Verma A, Basu S, Kumar A

Abstract
Purpose: To determine the area and extent of injury in hypoxic encephalopathy stages by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) using parameters apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) values and their comparison with controls without any evidence of asphyxia. To correlate the outcome of hypoxia severity clinically and significant changes on DTI parameter.
Materials and Methods: DTI was done in 50 cases at median age of 12 and 20 controls at median age of 7 days. FA and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured in several regions of interest (ROI). Continuous variables were analyzed using Student's t-test. Categorical variables were compared by Fisher's exact test. Comparison among multiple groups was done using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Bonferroni test.
Results: Abnormalities were more easily and accurately determined in ROI with the help of FA and ADC values. When compared with controls FA values were significantly decreased and ADC values were significantly increased in cases, in ROI including both right and left side of thalamus, basal ganglia, posterior limb of internal capsule, cerebral peduncle, corticospinal tracts, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital with P value < 0.05. The extent of injury was maximum in stage-III. There was no significant difference among males and females.
Conclusion: Compared to conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the evaluation of FA and ADC values using DTI can determine the extent and severity of injury in hypoxic encephalopathy. It can be used for early determination of brain injury in these patients.

PMID: 29379241 [PubMed]

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Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Imaging review of cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):441-446

Authors: Vemuri NV, Karanam LSP, Manchikanti V, Dandamudi S, Puvvada SK, Vemuri VK

Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs due to a defect in the dura and skull base. Trauma remains the most common cause of CSF leak; however, a significant number of cases are iatrogenic, and result from a complication of functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Early diagnosis of CSF leak is of paramount importance to prevent life-threatening complications such as brain abscess and meningitis. Imaging plays a crucial role in the detection and characterization of CSF leaks. Three-dimensional, isotropic, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) accurately detects the site and size of the bony defect. CT cisternography, though invasive, helps accurately identify the site of CSF leak, especially in the presence of multiple bony defects. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) accurately detects CSF leaks and associated complications such as the encephaloceles and meningoceles. In this review, we emphasize the importance and usefulness of 3D T2 DRIVE MR cisternography in localizing CSF leaks. This sequence has the advantages of effective bone and fat suppression, decreased artefacts, faster acquisition times, three-dimensional capability, y and high spatial resolution in addition to providing very bright signal from the CSF.

PMID: 29379240 [PubMed]

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A rare case of OEIS complex - newer approach to diagnosis of exstrophy bladder by color doppler and its differentiation from simple omphalocele.

A rare case of OEIS complex - newer approach to diagnosis of exstrophy bladder by color doppler and its differentiation from simple omphalocele.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):436-440

Authors: Aneja K

Abstract
The objective of this article is to present a new approach to diagnose and differentiate similar ventral masses by color Doppler. Two cases of ventral masses, a rare case of OEIS complex (Omphalocele-exstrophy-imperforate anus-spinal defects) with unusual presentation of exstrophy bladder and another of simple omphalocele, were studied by color Doppler for diagnosis and differentiation between the nature of similar masses. Ventral mass with absent bladder, normal kidneys, and normal amniotic fluid index raised the suspicion of exstrophy bladder. Color Doppler depicting altered intrafetal course of umbilical arteries and umbilical arteries coursing along the sides of ventral mass substantiated the diagnosis. The spatial relation between umbilical artery and aorta (which has no mention in the current literature) in sagittal view has been identified as an acute angle in a normal fetus and coined as "K angle" arbitrarily by the author. Color Doppler reveals altered (widened) "K angle" in exstrophy bladder compared to normal fetuses. Other combined anomalies pointed to the diagnosis of OEIS complex. The second case of simple omphalocele depicts normal intrafetal course of umbilical arteries and normal acute umbilical artery-aorta angle (K angle) on color Doppler. Color Doppler aids the early diagnosis of ventral defects. New method by umbilical artery-aorta angle (K angle) assessment on color Doppler helps differentiate exstrophy bladder from omphalocele.

PMID: 29379239 [PubMed]

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Emergent presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a pediatric patient: Acute cerebellar involvement causing obstructive hydrocephalus requiring posterior fossa decompression.

Emergent presentation of Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a pediatric patient: Acute cerebellar involvement causing obstructive hydrocephalus requiring posterior fossa decompression.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):432-435

Authors: Rajderkar DA, Shah ML, Shah JL

Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a disorder of the monocyte-macrophage system that can be unifocal or systemic. Here, we present a pediatric case who initially presented with osseous LCH but again presented 6 years later emergently with cerebellar symptoms, cerebellar mass and obstructive hydrocephalus. Patient underwent biopsy of the cerebellum which was path proven intracranial LCH.

PMID: 29379238 [PubMed]

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Intracranial translucency as a sonographic marker for detecting open spina bifida at 11-13+6 weeks scan: Our experience.

Intracranial translucency as a sonographic marker for detecting open spina bifida at 11-13+6 weeks scan: Our experience.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):427-431

Authors: Teegala ML, Vinayak DG

Abstract
Aims and Objectives: The fourth ventricle, seen as intracranial translucency (IT) at 11-13+6 weeks, has been reported to be obliterated in cases of open spina bifida (OSB). Our aim was to assess its role in detecting OSB at 11-13+6 weeks.
Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at foetal medicine unit from January 2014 to June 2015. All women who underwent both first and mid-trimester scan in our unit were included in the study. IT was categorized as normal, obliterated or not clear. Spine was examined during both scans.
Results: Totally, 341 cases were included in the study. IT was found to be obliterated in four cases and not clear in one case. There was demonstrable OSB at 11-13+6 weeks in two cases, at 15-16 weeks in two cases and at 24 weeks in one case. In the remaining 336 cases with normal IT, spine was found to be normal at target scan.
Conclusion: Mid-sagittal view of face that is routinely used to measure nuchal translucency (NT) can also be used to detect OSB. It is feasible to integrate IT into the routine 11-13+6 weeks scan.

PMID: 29379237 [PubMed]

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Spinal dysraphism illustrated; Embroyology revisited.

Spinal dysraphism illustrated; Embroyology revisited.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):417-426

Authors: Acharya UV, Pendharkar H, Varma DR, Pruthi N, Varadarajan S

Abstract
Spinal cord development occurs through three consecutive periods of gastrulation, primary nerulation and secondary neurulation. Aberration in these stages causes abnormalities of the spine and spinal cord, collectively referred as spinal dysraphism. They can be broadly classified as anomalies of gastrulation (disorders of notochord formation and of integration); anomalies of primary neurulation (premature dysjunction and nondysjunction); combined anomalies of gastrulation and primary neurulation and anomalies of secondary neurulation. Correlation with clinical and embryological data and common imaging findings provides an organized approach in their diagnosis.

PMID: 29379236 [PubMed]

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Levoatrial cardinal vein with normal left ventricle: A forgotten cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Levoatrial cardinal vein with normal left ventricle: A forgotten cause of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):413-416

Authors: Auti OB, Shetty V, Belaval V, Raj V

Abstract
Levoatrial cardinal vein (LACV) is anomalous connection between left atrium or pulmonary veins and systemic veins such as innominate vein or superior vena cava. This persistence of splanchnic circulation occurs when there is left-sided obstructive cardiac lesions such as hypoplastic left heart or mitral atresia. In this report we present three cases of LACV with well-developed left heart, without any obstructive lesions. All our cases presented with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and had associated intracardiac shunt such as ventricular/atrial septal defect and supracardiac partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection. Apart from the above shunts, LACV contributed to PAH in these cases. It is important to detect and report LACV as this may require surgical correction along with other defects. If LACV goes undetected during imaging workup, it may cause persistent PAH postoperatively.

PMID: 29379235 [PubMed]

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Cardiac magnetic resonance techniques: Our experience on wide bore 3 tesla magnetic resonance system.

Cardiac magnetic resonance techniques: Our experience on wide bore 3 tesla magnetic resonance system.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):404-412

Authors: Auti OB, Bandekar K, Kamat N, Raj V

Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become a widely adapted imaging modality in the diagnosis and management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. It provides unparalleled data of cardiac function and myocardial morphology. Majority of CMR imaging is currently being performed on 1.5 Tesla (T) MR systems. Over the last many years, the cardiac imaging protocols have been standardized and optimized in the 1.5T systems. 3T MR systems are now being used more and more in small and large institutions in our country due to their proven advantages in the field of neuro, body, and musculoskeletal imaging. Cardiac imaging on 3T system can be a double-edged sword. On one hand, it may provide nondiagnostic images due to significant artifacts, and on the other hand, it may complete the examination in quick time and provide excellent quality images. It is therefore important for the user to be aware of the potential pitfalls of CMR in 3T systems and also the necessary steps to avoid them. In this study, we discuss various challenges and advantages of performing CMR in a 3T system. We also present potential technical solutions to improve the image quality.

PMID: 29379234 [PubMed]

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Radiological spectrum of anthracofibrosis: A series of 40 patients with computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and biopsy.

Radiological spectrum of anthracofibrosis: A series of 40 patients with computed tomography, bronchoscopy, and biopsy.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):397-403

Authors: Dhar A, Sikund K, Lall A, Aggarwal B

Abstract
Introduction: Anthracofibrosis is a lesser known clinical entity. Patients present with chronic symptoms of cough and breathlessness with a history of biofuel/wood fire smoke exposure. There are distinct computed tomography (CT) imaging features of anthracofibrosis that can differentiate it from more common conditions such as tuberculosis (TB) and bronchogenic carcinoma. Findings include multifocal noncontiguous stenosis of bronchial tree, calcified enlarged mediastinal or hilar nodes, and secondary lung parenchymal changes. However, in TB, bronchostenosis usually involves a single lobar bronchus in a contiguous manner with trachea and/or major bronchi also being affected. In this study, we highlight the imaging characteristics of anthracofibrosis.
Context: The CT findings of anthracofibrosis closely mimic TB and bronchogenic carcinoma, hence we highlight the key imaging features of anthracofibrosis.
Aims and Objectives: To identify and describe the CT imaging features of anthracofibrosis and correlate it with bronchoscopic findings.
Setting and Design: Retrospective study.
Materials and Methods: Retrospectively, 40 patients were selected who were diagnosed with anthracofibrosis on bronchoscopy and biopsy. However, CT scan records of only 14 patients were available for review. Two radiologists reviewed the scans independently.
Results: Most common CT finding was multisegmental noncontiguous bronchostenosis seen in 93% patients mostly involving the right middle lobe. 85% of the cases showed lymph node enlargement involving hilar, peribronchial, and mediastinal nodes. The nodes were calcified in 91.7% of the cases, with 58% showing pressure effect on adjacent bronchi due to nodal enlargement. The next common findings were peribronchial cuffing and bronchial obstruction seen in 57 and 28% of the cases, respectively.
Conclusion: The key imaging features of anthracofibrosis on CT are multifocal involvement of bronchi with smooth peribronchial thickening and enlarged calcified lymph nodes.

PMID: 29379233 [PubMed]

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Appraisal of radiation dose with 64-slice computed tomography perfusion in lung cancer patients with special reference to SSDE: An initial experience in a tertiary care hospital.

Appraisal of radiation dose with 64-slice computed tomography perfusion in lung cancer patients with special reference to SSDE: An initial experience in a tertiary care hospital.

Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2017 Oct-Dec;27(4):389-396

Authors: Bhatt S, Srivastava AK, Meena N, Thakur S

Abstract
Context: Computed tomography perfusion (CTP) is an important functional tool for lung cancer. It is expected to deliver high radiation dose, making its accurate estimation important. Size-specific dose estimate (SSDE) is a new dose metric, which includes the scanner output as well as the patient size.
Aims: To determine radiation dose [CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose length product (DLP), effective dose (ED), and SSDE] for CTP in lung cancer and the correlation of CTDIvol, DLP, and SSDE with effective diameter and SSDE with weight, body mass index (BMI), and the scan length.
Settings and Design: Cross-sectional study in the Department of Radio-diagnosis from October 2015 to March 2016.
Patients and Methods: Due ethical approval and informed consent was taken. Thirty consecutive adult patients of lung cancer undergoing CTP study were included; various radiation dose parameters were determined and presented as mean ± SD.
Statistical Analysis Used: Paired Student's t-test and Pearson correlation using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, Version 16.
Results: Mean radiation dose was CTDIvol = 270.138 ± 1.627 mGy, DLP = 681 ± 53.496 mGy.cm, ED = 12.501 ± 0.923 mSv, SSDE = 388.90 ± 81.27 mGy. The CTDIvol and DLP had significant positive correlation (r = 0.556, P = 0.000 and r = 0.522, P = 0.003, respectively) with effective diameter. SSDE had strong negative correlation (r = -0.997, P = 0.000) with effective diameter, significant negative correlation with the BMI (r = -0.889; P = 0.000) and weight (r = -0.910, P = 0.000) of patients. Scan length was not significantly correlated in SSDE (r = -0.012, P = 0.951).
Conclusions: Smaller sized patients had greater SSDE.

PMID: 29379232 [PubMed]

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Τετάρτη 31 Ιανουαρίου 2018

Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;9(6):6342-6349

Authors: Canfeld K, Wells W, Geradts J, Kinlaw WB, Cheng C, Kurokawa M

Abstract
The ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 is best known for its ability to suppress the tumor suppressor p53. However, MDM2 also targets other proteins for proteasomal degradation and accumulating evidence strongly suggests p53-independent roles of MDM2 in cancer. We previously reported that MDM2 promotes degradation of another ubiquitin E3 ligase HUWE1 by ubiquitination, particularly, which confers HER2+ breast cancer cells resistance to the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. However, it remains unclear whether such a mechanism can operate in other cell types, independently of HER2 inhibitors. Moreover, in vivo evidence that supports HUWE1 degradation by MDM2 is missing. In the current study, we performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to analyze expression levels of MDM2 and HUWE1 in normal organs, two breast cancer cohorts (A, n = 137 and B, n = 27), and a liposarcoma cohort (n = 45). Our results show that HUWE1 is ubiquitously expressed in healthy organs, where the oncoprotein MDM2 is undetectable. Likewise, in the majority of breast cancers regardless of their subtypes, MDM2 is below detectable levels, while HUWE1 is highly expressed. In contrast, in a subset of liposarcoma that is characterized by MDM2 overexpression, only 40% of these showed detectable HUWE1 protein. Importantly, despite the inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein levels, gene expression analysis in independent datasets revealed no such correlation at the mRNA level. Our results demonstrate the first in vivo evidence to support the hypothesis of MDM2-mediated HUWE1 degradation, which may help to understand the regulation of HUWE1 as well as p53-independent roles of MDM2.

PMID: 29375730 [PubMed]

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Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Inverse association between MDM2 and HUWE1 protein expression levels in human breast cancer and liposarcoma.

Int J Clin Exp Pathol. 2016;9(6):6342-6349

Authors: Canfeld K, Wells W, Geradts J, Kinlaw WB, Cheng C, Kurokawa M

PMID: 29375730 [PubMed]

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