Πέμπτη 27 Ιανουαρίου 2022

A submandibular mass with cystic component

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Ear Nose Throat J. 2022 Jan 27:1455613221074134. doi: 10.1177/01455613221074134. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Not required.

PMID:35081804 | DOI:10.1177/01455613221074134

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A structured ICA-based process for removing auditory evoked potentials

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Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 26;12(1):1391. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-05397-3.

ABSTRACT

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)-evoked potentials (TEPs), recorded using electroencephalography (EEG), reflect a combination of TMS-induced cortical activity and multi-sensory responses to TMS. The auditory evoked potential (AEP) is a high-amplitude sensory potential-evoked by the "click" sound produced by every TMS pulse-that can dominate the TEP and obscure observation of other neural components. The AEP is peripherally evoked and therefore should not be stimulation site specific. We address the problem of disentangling the peripherally evoked AEP of the TEP from components evoked by cortical stimulation and ask whether removal of AEP enables more accurate isolation of TEP. We hypothesized that isolation of the AEP using Independent Components Analysis (ICA) would reveal features that are stimulation site specific and unique individual features. In order to i mprove the effectiveness of ICA for removal of AEP from the TEP, and thus more clearly separate the transcranial-evoked and non-specific TMS-modulated potentials, we merged sham and active TMS datasets representing multiple stimulation conditions, removed the resulting AEP component, and evaluated performance across different sham protocols and clinical populations using reduction in Global and Local Mean Field Power (GMFP/LMFP) and cosine similarity analysis. We show that removing AEPs significantly reduced GMFP and LMFP in the post-stimulation TEP (14 to 400 ms), driven by time windows consistent with the N100 and P200 temporal characteristics of AEPs. Cosine similarity analysis supports that removing AEPs reduces TEP similarity between subjects and reduces TEP similarity between stimulation conditions. Similarity is reduced most in a mid-latency window consistent with the N100 time-course, but nevertheless remains high in this time window. Residual TEP in this window has a time-c ourse and topography unique from AEPs, which follow-up exploratory analyses suggest could be a modulation in the alpha band that is not stimulation site specific but is unique to individual subject. We show, using two datasets and two implementations of sham, evidence in cortical topography, TEP time-course, GMFP/LMFP and cosine similarity analyses that this procedure is effective and conservative in removing the AEP from TEP, and may thus better isolate TMS-evoked activity. We show TEP remaining in early, mid and late latencies. The early response is site and subject specific. Later response may be consistent with TMS-modulated alpha activity that is not site specific but is unique to the individual. TEP remaining after removal of AEP is unique and can provide insight into TMS-evoked potentials and other modulated oscillatory dynamics.

PMID:35082350 | DOI:10.1038/s41598-022-05397-3

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Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss During the COVID-19 Pandemic

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This cohort study compares the incidence of sudden sensorineur al hearing loss during the COVID-19 pandemic with that during 2018 and 2019 and assesses the association of lockdowns during the pandemic with sudden sensorineural hearing loss.
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A dose-neutral image quality comparison of different CBCT and CT systems using paranasal sinus imaging protocols and phantoms

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Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 27. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07271-4. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To compare the image quality produced by equivalent low-dose and default sinus imaging protocols of a conventional dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner, an extremity CBCT scanner and a clinical multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) scanner.

METHODS: Three different phantoms were scanned using dose-neutral ultra-low-dose and low-dose sinus imaging protocols, as well as default sinus protocols of each device. Quantified parameters of image quality included modulation transfer function (MTF) to characterize the spatial response of the imaging system, contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility, image uniformity and Hounsfield unit accuracy. MTF was calculated using the line spread and edge spread functions (LSF and ESF).

RESULTS: The dental CBCT had superior performance over the extremity CBC T in each studied parameter at similar dose levels. The MDCT had better contrast-to-noise ratio, low contrast visibility and image uniformity than the CBCT scanners. However, the CBCT scanners had better resolution compared to the MDCT. Accuracy of HU values for different materials was on the same level between the dental CBCT and MDCT, but substantially poorer performance was observed with the extremity CBCT.

CONCLUSIONS: The studied dental CBCT scanner showed superior performance over the studied extremity CBCT scanner when using dose-neutral imaging protocols. In case a dental CBCT is not available, the given extremity CBCT is still a viable option as it provides the benefit of high resolution over a conventional MDCT.

PMID:35084532 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07271-4

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Τετάρτη 26 Ιανουαρίου 2022

Sensitizing TRAIL response via differential modulation of anti- and pro-apoptotic factors by AZD5582 combined with ER nanosomal TRAIL in neuroblastoma

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Acta Histochem. 2022 Jan 22;124(2):151856. doi: 10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151856. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

Neuroblastoma is a metastatic brain tumor particularly common in children. The cure rate is below 50% for patients of high-risk condition. Novel therapeutic agents and approaches are needed to improve the cure rate. Tumor necrosis factor-related and apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) is a promising proapoptotic factor that rapidly induces apoptosis preferentially in t ransformed and cancerous cells. Unfortunately, the common TRAIL resistance in cancers has hampered the clinical application of the ligand. Previously we prepared a novel TRAIL-armed ER derived nanosomal agent (ERN-T) that overcomes TRAIL resistance in some cancer lines when combined with a synthetic antagonist of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), AZD5582. However, how AZD5582 sensitizes cancer cells to ERN-T remains not well understood. In this study we continued to test the therapeutic efficacy of the combinatory therapy of ERN-T and AZD5582 on neuroblastoma, aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the synergism between AZD5582 and ERN-T. The obtained data revealed that ERN-Ts overcame TRAIL resistance and showed significant cytotoxicity on the resistant neuroblastoma line SH-SH5Y when combined with AZD5582 whilst sparing normal cells. The combination of low doses of ERN-Ts and AZD5582 induced intensive apoptosis in SH-SY5Y but not in normal skin fibroblasts (NSF s). Importantly we discovered that TRAIL sensitization in SH-SY5Y was associated with the concomitant downregulation of antiapoptotic factors cFLIP, MCL-1 and IAPs and upregulation of proapoptotic protein BAX and the death receptor 5 (DR5) by the cotreatment of ERN-T and AZD5582. In vivo study demonstrated that the combination of ERN-T and AZD5582 constituted a highly effective and safe therapy for subcutaneous SH-SY5Y xenograft neuroblastoma in nude mice. In conclusion, we identified that the concomitant regulation of both antiapoptotic and proapoptotic factors and DR5 is an essential molecular mechanism for overcoming TRAIL resistance in SH-SY5Y and the combination of ERN-T and AZD5582 potentially constitutes a novel therapeutic strategy, which is highly effective and safe for neuroblastoma.

PMID:35077998 | DOI:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151856

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Primary Intracranial Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Skull Base Complicated with Tension Pneumocephalus after Radiotherapy

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NMC Case Rep J. 2021 Sep 16;8(1):609-615. doi: 10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0367. eCollection 2021.

ABSTRACT

Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are neoplasms that originate from cells of the endocrine and nervous systems, and are commonly found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts. Primary intracranial NETs are extremely rare and have been the focus of only a few studies thus far. Herein, we report the case of a primary intracranial NET of the skull base complicated with tension pneumocephalus after radiotherapy. An 84-year-old woman visited a local hospital for a head injury, and CT revealed a skull base tumor. MRI showed that the tumor was located mainly on the clivus and extended into the paranasal sinuses and nasal cavity. We biopsied the tumor via the nasal cavity, and the pathological diagnosis was NET, WHO grade 2. We subsequently administered focal intensity-modulated radiation therapy, but the patient developed tension pneumocephalus 1 year after radiotherapy. We therefore performed endoscopic transnasal cerebrospinal fluid leak closure with a nasoseptal flap. The postoperative course was successful, and the patient returned home but died of an unknown cause 2 years after discharge. The optimal postoperative management of primary intracranial NETs remains controversial. Tension pneumocephalus related to radiotherapy is a rare complication. Assessing skull bone erosion before radiotherapy and performing regular radiological follow-up examinations are essential to prevent this rare complication.

PMID:35079524 | PMC:PMC8769468 | DOI:10.2176/nmccrj.cr.2020-0367

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Endoscopic Posterior Rotation Flap for Posterior Glottic Insufficiency

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Τρίτη 25 Ιανουαρίου 2022

De novo Splice Site Mutation of the CHD7 Gene in a Chinese Patient with Typical CHARGE Syndrome

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Introduction: CHARGE syndrome (CS, OMIM 214800) is a rare genetic disease characterized by multiple congenital abnormalities, including coloboma, heart defect, atresia of the choanae, retardation of development, genital anomalies, and ear anomalies/deafness. The syndrome is mainly caused by a heterozygous variant in the chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 7 (CHD7) gene that encodes the CHD7 protein, involved in the ATP-dependent remodeling of chromatin. Methods: In this study, the next-generation sequencing targeted pane l was used to detect a de novo variant c.3523-2A#x3e;G in the CHD7 gene in a patient with severe CS, congenital heart disease, left coloboma of the choroid, cryptorchidism, and congenital deafness. The Sanger sequencing confirmed the variant and clarified it as de novo variant by short tandem repeat analysis in the patient family. We analyzed the effect of a variant by Minigene assay to evaluate the pathogenicity of the variant. Results: In summary, cDNA analysis confirmed that c.3523-2A#x3e;G variant activates a cryptic splice site, resulting in 172 base pair missing in exon 15, leading to the premature truncation of the CHD7 protein (p.V1175Afs*11). Conclusion: The present study functionally characterized the novel c.3523-2A#x3e;G variant in CHD7, providing further confirmatory evidence that it is associated with CS.
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Effectiveness of submucosal turbinoplasty in refractory obstructive rhinitis: a prospective comparative trial

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Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 25. doi: 10.1007/s00405-022-07267-0. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Refractory inferior turbinate hypertrophy requires a surgical approach to address symptomatic complaints. Submucosal approaches demonstrated their efficacy in restoring respiratory function and respecting the nasal mucosa. Microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty (MAT) tools effectively reduces the soft tissue, exploiting a very different principle from the kinetic energy of radiofrequency. Thus, we aimed to compare the microdebrider-assisted turbinoplasty and the quantum molecular resonance (QMR) to assess patients' perspectives and respiratory outcomes.

METHODS: Subjects with persistent bilateral nasal blockage due to inferior turbinates hypertrophy were prospectively recruited from the University Medical Center. We randomly assigned the patients to each treatment and performed symptom evaluation via the visual analog score and endoscopic assessment at baseline and 30-, 90-, and 180-day post-treatment.

RESULTS: Seventy participants completed the evaluations, 35 in MAT and 35 in the QMR group. Nasal complaints were significantly reduced after 1 month using both methods. Although the MAT group reported higher postoperative bleeding and edema than QMR group, similar significant reductions were seen for turbinate size at long-term follow-up. Conversely, the MAT group reported greater VAS outcomes than QMR from the first postoperative month. In addition, MAT showed a longer operating time, although this difference was not statistically significant (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: MAT allows effective control of nasal symptoms by reducing the size of turbinates in patients with lower turbinate hypertrophy. Although QMR may cause fewer postoperative complications, functional results are comparable to long-term follow-up.

PMID:35076746 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-022-07267-0

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Nutritional status at diagnosis is prognostic for pharyngeal cancer patients: a retrospective study

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Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2022 Jan 25. doi: 10.1007/s00405-021-07222-5. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Malnutrition in head and neck cancer (HNC) patients is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several nutrition indicators have been reported to be related to the prognosis of HNC. However, the prognostic effect of these multiple nutrition factors in HNC is not well elucidated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic effect of these factors, including the novel hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet (HALP) score, for pharyngeal cancers.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: From 2008 to 2019, a total of 319 pharyngeal cancer patients were recruited. We collected adult patients with a diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oropharyngeal carcinoma and hypopharyngeal carcinoma. Patients who completed definite staging workup and treatment were selected for analysis. We traced nutritional and hematologic al parameters, including body mass index (BMI), albumin, and complete blood count, for survival analysis.

RESULTS: We found that multiple nutritional markers, including BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, prognostic nutritional index (PNI), nutritional risk index (NRI) and HALP score, were important predictors for pharyngeal cancers in univariate Cox regression analysis. In multivariate analysis, we found that the HALP score was still an independent factor (HR: 1.62, 1.13-2.32 for overall survival [OS]) after adjusting of gender, age, cancer site, clinical stage, and BMI. The PNI was the most important independent factor for OS (HR: 3.12, 2.18-4.47) and cancer-specific survival (HR: 2.88, 1.88-4.41) in multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSION: We found that multiple nutrition markers, including BMI, hemoglobin, albumin, PNI, NRI and HALP score, are important predictors for pharyngeal cancers. This is the first report confirming the prognostic effect of the HALP score for HNCs. Nutritiona l status at diagnosis should be given more attention in pharyngeal cancer patients.

PMID:35076744 | DOI:10.1007/s00405-021-07222-5

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A study of 285 cases of cranial vault suture closure in Chinese adults

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Surg Radiol Anat. 2022 Jan 25. doi: 10.1007/s00276-021-02854-y. Online ahead of print.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To examine the presence and characteristics of cranial vault suture closure in Chinese adults and to explore whether craniosacral therapy (CST) manipulation is rational from the anatomical perspective.

METHODS: Anthropological non-metric observation and craniometry were used to study 285 dry skull specimens of Chinese adults.

RESULTS: A total of 91 specimens w ith closed extracranial sutures were observed, with an occurrence rate of 31.93%. Based on the mode of closure, there were 32 cases of single type closure, with sagittal suture closure predominating with 20 cases (21.98%); 59 cases of composite closure, with a partial closure of coronal suture + sagittal suture + lambdoid suture predominating with 26 cases (28.57%). In terms of the degree of closure, there were 13 cases (14.28%) of sagittal suture grade 0 closure and 78 cases (85.72%) of grade 1 - 4 closure; 34 cases (37.36%) of coronal suture grade 0 closure and 57 cases (62.64%) of grade 1 - 4 closure; 47 cases (51.65%) of lambdoid suture grade 0 closure and 44 cases (48.35%) of grade 1 - 4 closure. The segment and degree of coronal suture closure (46, 80.7%) and lambdoid suture (31, 70.45%) were mostly left-right symmetrical. The bone surfaces on either side of the cranial vault sutures are embedded in each other, forming a rough, complex and interlocking bone-suture-bone structu re.

CONCLUSION: This study observed the closure of the cranial vault suture, summarized its characteristics, and explored the irrationality of the CST manipulation. The anatomical characteristics of the cranial suture dictate that manipulation cannot push the cranial suture at will.

PMID:35076751 | DOI:10.1007/s00276-021-02854-y

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