Frailty: the missing piece of the pre- hematopoietic cell transplantation assessment?

Frailty: the missing piece of the pre- hematopoietic cell transplantation assessment?

Bone Marrow Transplant. 2017 Oct 30;:

Authors: Hegde A, Murthy HS

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) represents a curative option for those afflicted with numerous hematologic malignancies and bone marrow failure syndromes. Advances and refinement of the HSCT process have resulted in increasing number of transplants performed on older patients in the recent years. Pre-transplant assessments (PTA) function to risk stratify patients prior to undergoing HSCT in an effort to predict those at higher risk of treatment-related toxicity, to inform risk/benefit assessments and to aid clinical decision making. Traditionally used risk stratification parameters such as chronologic age, comorbidity and performance status may not fully capture physical function, physiologic fitness, highlighting a need for improvement in PTA. Incorporation of frailty measurements in pre-HSCT assessments, particularly in elderly transplant candidates, may result in improving predictive ability of existing tools such as the Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index and Karnofsky performance status. Here, we review existing pre-HSCT assessment tools, measures of frailty that may aid in risk stratification for patients undergoing HSCT and directions for future research using frailty in the pre-HSCT setting.Bone Marrow Transplantation advance online publication, 30 October 2017; doi:10.1038/bmt.2017.192.

PMID: 29084201 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Ethnobotanic, Ethnopharmacologic Aspects and New Phytochemical Insights into Moroccan Argan Fruits.

Ethnobotanic, Ethnopharmacologic Aspects and New Phytochemical Insights into Moroccan Argan Fruits.

Int J Mol Sci. 2017 Oct 30;18(11):

Authors: Khallouki F, Eddouks M, Mourad A, Breuer A, Owen RW

Abstract
This review summarizes available data on argan fruit botany, geographical distribution, traditional uses, environmental interest, socioeconomic role, phytochemistry, as well as health beneficial effects and examination of future prospects. In particular, ethnomedical uses of argan fruits are carried out throughout Morocco where it has been used against various diseases. Different classes of bioactive compounds have been characterized including essential oils, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, flavonoids and their newly reported acylglycosyl derivatives, monophenols, phenolic acids, cinnamic acids, saponins, triterpenes, phytosterols, ubiquinone, melatonin, new aminophenols along with vitamin E among other secondary metabolites. The latter have already shown a wide spectrum of in vitro, and ex vivo biologicalactivities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antihypertensive, anti-hypercholesterolemia, analgesic, antimicrobial, molluscicidal anti-nociceptive and anticancer potential. Argan flesh (pulp) contains a broad spectrum of polyphenolic compounds which may have utility for incorporation into nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals relevant to the food, cosmetic and health industries. Further research is recommended, especially on the health beneficial effects of the aminophenols.

PMID: 29084170 [PubMed - in process]

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Determinants of physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue: During breast cancer therapy and 12 months follow-up.

Determinants of physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue: During breast cancer therapy and 12 months follow-up.

Int J Cancer. 2017 Oct 30;:

Authors: Schmidt ME, Wiskemann J, Schneeweiss A, Potthoff K, Ulrich CM, Steindorf K

Abstract
Fatigue is common in cancer survivors but often insufficiently treated. Due to its complexity a one-size-fits-all treatment seems not appropriate. To gain more information on influencing factors and sub-dimensions of fatigue we investigated potential determinants and correlates of physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue in breast cancer survivors during and after adjuvant therapy. Within the follow-up of two randomized controlled trials physical, affective, and cognitive fatigue were repeatedly assessed during and up to 12 months after cancer therapy with the 20-item Fatigue Assessment Questionnaire in 255 breast cancer survivors. Determinants of the different fatigue dimensions over time were explored with linear mixed models. Chemotherapy appeared as significant precipitating factor for physical fatigue. However, type of cancer therapy had no impact on fatigue one year post-treatment. Obesity was significantly associated with increased physical fatigue throughout all time points (Δ=15.5 at 12 months) whereas exercise appeared to be beneficial (Δ=-6.3). In contrast, affective fatigue was significantly associated with poor social support and worries about the future. In addition, poor sleep quality and previous use of psychopharmaceuticals were significantly associated with physical, affective, as well as cognitive fatigue. Further, hot flashes were associated with increased physical and cognitive fatigue. In conclusion, the broad diagnosis "fatigue" in cancer survivors needs to be recognized as a diversity of symptoms determined by specific characteristics and likely different etiologies. Taking potential influencing factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, sleep problems, hot flashes, lack of social support, or psychological disorders into consideration might enable a better, individually-tailored fatigue treatment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 29082588 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Bilateral Breast Cancer with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patient: Case Report.

Bilateral Breast Cancer with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Patient: Case Report.

Eur J Breast Health. 2017 Oct;13(4):213-215

Authors: Dursun D, Aktaş S, Altun Z, Olgun N

Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is autosomal dominant and it is the most common hereditary disease. This case report is about a woman and her daughter. Both of them are NF1 and mother also has metachronous bilateral breast carcinoma. We analyzed expressions of 84 genes related with DNA Repair by Real Time PCR (AB Applied Biosystem 7000 Sequence Detection System; Thermo Fisher, Foster City, CA, USA). We also performed NF1 sequencing analyzing in exon 9 of the NF1 gene for mother. In Real Time PCR analysis of DNA Repair Genes, expression chances were predominant both in mother and daughter compared with control group. When the mother and daughter's expression profiles were compared, similar DNA repair array gene expression profiles were observed and the expression of DDB2, MGMT, MLH1, POLB UNG, XPA genes were high in both mother and daughter. In sequencing analysis, we obtained a mutation in c.1246 C>T. This mutation is reported to be common in NF1 cases with breast carcinoma. Our results indicate that the daughter with NF1 is probably prone to have malignancy in her future life. She should be carefully followed up for early diagnosis of a probable malignancy.

PMID: 29082380 [PubMed]

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Clinical implications of in silico mathematical modeling for glioblastoma: a critical review.

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Clinical implications of in silico mathematical modeling for glioblastoma: a critical review.

J Neurooncol. 2017 Oct 28;:

Authors: Protopapa M, Zygogianni A, Stamatakos GS, Antypas C, Armpilia C, Uzunoglu NK, Kouloulias V

Abstract
Glioblastoma remains a clinical challenge in spite of years of extensive research. Novel approaches are needed in order to integrate the existing knowledge. This is the potential role of mathematical oncology. This paper reviews mathematical models on glioblastoma from the clinical doctor's point of view, with focus on 3D modeling approaches of radiation response of in vivo glioblastomas based on contemporary imaging techniques. As these models aim to provide a clinically useful tool in the era of personalized medicine, the integration of the latest advances in molecular and imaging science and in clinical practice by the in silico models is crucial for their clinical relevance. Our aim is to indicate areas of GBM research that have not yet been addressed by in silico models and to point out evidence that has come up from in silico experiments, which may be worth considering in the clinic. This review examines how close these models have come in predicting the outcome of treatment protocols and in shaping the future of radiotherapy treatments.

PMID: 29081039 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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MicroRNA Expression in Laser Micro-dissected Breast Cancer Tissue Samples - a Pilot Study.

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MicroRNA Expression in Laser Micro-dissected Breast Cancer Tissue Samples - a Pilot Study.

Pathol Oncol Res. 2017 Oct 28;:

Authors: Seclaman E, Narita D, Anghel A, Cireap N, Ilina R, Sirbu IO, Marian C

Abstract
Breast cancer continues to represent a significant public health burden despite outstanding research advances regarding the molecular mechanisms of cancer biology, biomarkers for diagnostics and prognostic and therapeutic management of this disease. The studies of micro RNAs in breast cancer have underlined their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets; however most of these studies are still done on largely heterogeneous whole breast tissue samples. In this pilot study we have investigated the expression of four micro RNAs (miR-21, 145, 155, 92) known to be involved in breast cancer, in homogenous cell populations collected by laser capture microdissection from breast tissue section slides. Micro RNA expression was assessed by real time PCR, and associations with clinical and pathological characteristics were also explored. Our results have confirmed previous associations of miR-21 expression with poor prognosis characteristics of breast cancers such as high stage, large and highly proliferative tumors. No statistically significant associations were found with the other micro RNAs investigated, possibly due to the small sample size of our study. Our results also suggest that miR-484 could be a suitable endogenous control for data normalization in breast tissues, these results needing further confirmation by future studies. In summary, our pilot study showed the feasibility of detecting micro RNAs expression in homogenous laser captured microdissected invasive breast cancer samples, and confirmed some of the previously reported associations with poor prognostic characteristics of breast tumors.

PMID: 29081035 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Glutamine for the treatment of vincristine-induced neuropathy in children and adolescents with cancer.

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Glutamine for the treatment of vincristine-induced neuropathy in children and adolescents with cancer.

Support Care Cancer. 2017 Mar;25(3):701-708

Authors: Sands S, Ladas EJ, Kelly KM, Weiner M, Lin M, Ndao DH, Dave A, Vahdat LT, Bender JG

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Vincristine is an integral treatment component of many childhood tumors with potentially dose-limiting sensory and/or motor neuropathy. Results from a pilot study on the incidence of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) as well as the efficacy and safety of glutamine in reducing signs and symptoms of VIPN in children with cancer are presented.
METHODS: Fifty-six patients between the ages of 5-21 with newly diagnosed leukemia, lymphoma, extracranial solid tumor or medulloblastoma and expected to receive a minimum cumulative dose of 6 mg/m(2) of vincristine over a 30-week period were eligible. Patients' neurological functioning was monitored every 3 weeks using clinical history, exam, and assessment of motor functioning. Upon identification of neuropathy, patients were randomized to either glutamine (6 g/m(2) per dose twice daily, maximum 10 g/dose) or placebo for a 3-week period followed by 3-week wash out period (Time 3).
RESULTS: Forty-nine patients were fully evaluable and 100 % developed neuropathy per study definitions. No significant differences in demographics or side effects were noted between the randomized groups. The distribution of sensory neuropathy scores between the two groups was statistically significant after the intervention (p = 0.022). Children receiving glutamine also rated their quality of life (QoL) as 8.42 points higher on the PedsQL total score than those receiving placebo (p = 0.031).
CONCLUSIONS: Glutamine supplementation is well tolerated and associated with improvements in sensory function and self-reported overall quality of life. Future studies are warranted to confirm the efficacy of glutamine for the treatment of vincristine-related sensory neuropathy in pediatric cancer patients.

PMID: 27830395 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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The "rocky treatment course": identifying a high-risk subgroup of head and neck cancer patients for supportive interventions.

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The "rocky treatment course": identifying a high-risk subgroup of head and neck cancer patients for supportive interventions.

Support Care Cancer. 2017 Mar;25(3):719-727

Authors: Vulpe H, Ellis J, Huang SH, Atenafu EG, Jang RW, Rodin G, Ringash J

Abstract
PURPOSE: We aim to identify the risk factors for a "rocky" treatment course (RTC) in head and neck cancer.
METHODS: A retrospective case-control study was conducted utilizing data from a prospective study. We defined the RTC as a composite of adverse outcomes including G-tube dependence and increased nursing interventions. Statistically associative variables were included in a multivariable logistic regression. We also evaluated whether the RTC, or its components, associated with worse cancer outcomes.
RESULTS: Being single, unemployed, having N2/3 disease and receiving chemoradiotherapy were associated with a RTC. In turn, G-tube dependence was associated with worse 3-year OS (73 vs 91 %; p = 0.02) and increased nursing interventions with worse 3-year locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRFS) (85 vs 92 %; p = 0.03) and locoregional recurrence (LRR) (14 vs 7 %; p = 0.03).
CONCLUSIONS: We identified baseline factors associated with a RTC for head and neck cancer patients. Future supportive care interventions could be evaluated using the RTC as a marker of benefit.

PMID: 27815711 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

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2016 updated MASCC/ESMO consensus recommendations: prevention of radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.

Support Care Cancer. 2017 Jan;25(1):309-316

Authors: Ruhlmann CH, Jahn F, Jordan K, Dennis K, Maranzano E, Molassiotis A, Roila F, Feyer P

Abstract
PURPOSE: Radiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV) are distressing symptoms. Evidence-based guidelines should facilitate the prescription of the best possible antiemetic prophylaxis. As part of the MASCC/ESMO Antiemetic Guidelines Update 2016, a thorough review of the literature concerning RINV since the 2009 update was required.
METHODS: A systematic review of the literature including data published from June 2009 to May 2015 was performed. Committee VII (RINV) under the MASCC/ESMO Antiemetic Guidelines Update Committee assessed the literature.
RESULTS: The searches yielded 926 records, 906 records were excluded, leaving 20 records for full text assessment, and 18 publications were finally included. The only fully published randomized studies in prevention of RINV were two negative studies in acupuncture and green tea, respectively. No data to support new recommendations for antiemetic prophylaxis in RINV was available. However, based on expert opinions, the committee agreed on changes in emetic risk level for certain sites of irradiation.
CONCLUSIONS: The serotonin receptor antagonists are still the corner stone in antiemetic prophylaxis of nausea and vomiting induced by high and moderate emetic risk radiotherapy. The studies available since the last update did not change recommendations for antiemetic prophylaxis. The emetogenicity of craniospinal radiotherapy was reclassified from low to moderate emetic level along with some other minor changes. In the future, RINV prophylaxis in single fraction, multiple fraction, and in concomitant chemo-radiotherapy still need to be explored with regard to the different classes and combinations of antiemetic drugs.

PMID: 27624464 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands: diagnostic pitfall with distinct immunohistochemical profile and molecular features.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma of salivary glands: diagnostic pitfall with distinct immunohistochemical profile and molecular features.

Rare Tumors. 2017 Oct 03;9(3):7162

Authors: Bissinger O, Götz C, Kolk A, Bier HA, Agaimy A, Frenzel H, Perner S, Ribbat-Idel J, Wolff KD, Weichert W, Mogler C

Abstract
Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma (MASC) is a newly defined entity among salivary gland malignancies which has just been established in the 4(th) edition of the WHO classification of head and neck tumors. MASC (synonym: secretory carcinoma) are characterized by a specific rearangement of the ETV6 gene locus. Here, we present a series of 3 MASC cases including clinical data with follow-up for up to 26 months. All tumours immunhistochemically displayed strong positivity for cytokeratin 7, and mammaglobin, focal positivity for S100, cytokeratin 5/6 and muc-4. In contrast, immunhistochemical stainings against cytokeratin 14, hormon receptors, Her2/neu, androgen receptor and prostate-specific antigen were consistently negative. FISH analysis showed translocation of the ETV6 gene locus in the majority of tumour cell nuclei. During clinical follow-up, no local relapse or metastasis was detected. As these carcinomas are clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from other salivary gland tumours and as therapeutic approaches and prognosis might differ, we need to be able to diagnose MASC correctly.

PMID: 29081930 [PubMed]

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Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle.

Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle.

Rare Tumors. 2017 Oct 03;9(3):7074

Authors: Terrisse S, Comblor ME, Vérine J, Gauthier H, Mongiat-Artus P, Culine S

Abstract
Primary adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle is a rare condition with only about 60 cases described in the literature. The unusual characteristics of this disease makes diagnosis difficult and treatment strategies differ as there are no specific guidelines available. This report presents a case of adenocarcinoma of the seminal vesicle with lung metastases in which surgical and chemotherapeutic treatments have been carried out. The MVAC dose dense regimen following local resection seems effective in this scenario and may be used in the treatment of this disease.

PMID: 29081928 [PubMed]

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Atelectasis in pediatrics: a case of carcinoid tumor.

Atelectasis in pediatrics: a case of carcinoid tumor.

Rare Tumors. 2017 Oct 03;9(3):7049

Authors: Guerreiro CV, Ornelas P, Pereira L, Abecasis N, Almodovar MT

Abstract
Carcinoid pulmonary tumors occur in the fourth to sixth decades of life. Usually, typical carcinoid arise a decade earlier when compared to atypical carcinoid (45 years and 55 years, respectively). Typical carcinoid tumors are the most common primary lung neoplasm in children and late adolescents, but there are less than 40 cases described in the literature. The clinical presentation is nonspecific and usually the symptoms are due to bronchial obstruction, sometimes with recurrent pneumonia. Its rarity may delay diagnosis but in most cases a favorable course after treatment is observed. The authors describe the case of a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with a carcinoid tumor located on the intermediate bronchus. The treatment approach included endoscopic laser resection, for obstruction resolution, followed by a right inferior bilobectomy with mediastinal lymph node dissection as definitive treatment. Histopathology confirmed a typical carcinoid tumor with mediastinal ipsilateral lymph node involvement.

PMID: 29081927 [PubMed]

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Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast: the challenge of diagnosing a rare entity.

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the breast: the challenge of diagnosing a rare entity.

Rare Tumors. 2017 Oct 03;9(3):7016

Authors: Koufopoulos N, Goudeli C, Syrios J, Filopoulos E, Khaldi L

Abstract
Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is an extremely rare variant of primary breast tumor which is histologically similar to mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary and pancreas. Herein we report a case of a 63 years old woman diagnosed with diverse histological types of non-synchronous rare primary breast tumors, a medullary carcinoma of the right breast and a mucinous cystadenocarcinoma of the left breast. Macroscopically the neoplasm appeared multilocular filled with mucoid material. Under light microscopy the cystic areas were lined by columnar cells with abundant intracellular and extracellular mucin. Solid areas were composed of tall columnar cells with intracellular mucin. Moderate to marked atypia was noticed and tumor cells stained positive for cytokeratin 7 and negative for cytokeratin 20. Moreover tumor cells displayed a basal like immunophenotype expressed as followed: ER negative, PR negative, HER-2 negative, cytokeratin (CK5/6) positive and EGFR positive.

PMID: 29081926 [PubMed]

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Diagnostic significance of serum periostin in eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.

Diagnostic significance of serum periostin in eosinophilic chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps.

Acta Otolaryngol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-5

Authors: Xu M, Zhang W, Chen D, Zhou H, Chen L

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease. Eosinophilic CRSwNP (ENP) exhibits a strong tendency for recurrence after surgery. Given that the treatment strategy of ENP differs from that of non-eosinophilic CRSwNP (nENP), clinical diagnostic criteria that distinguish ENP from nENP are needed.
METHODS: In total, 94 CRSwNP patients were enrolled in the cohort. Factors associated with ENP were determined with regression analysis, and optimal cutoff points of the predictors were determined by a receiver operating characteristic curve.
RESULTS: Serum periostin levels, blood eosinophils and basophils counts significantly differed between ENP and nENP. A combination of the cut-off values for the three predictors, including absolute blood eosinophil and basophil counts, yielded a sensitivity of 79.2% and 70.8%, and a specificity of 84.8% and 73.9%, respectively. Serum periostin levels yielded a sensitivity of 72.9% and a specificity of 60.9% for the diagnosis of ENP. The predicted probability of periostin in combination with blood eosinophils and basophils counts (AUC, 0.872) exhibited moderate accuracy. In addition, patients with ENP displayed an increased prevalence of smoking.
CONCLUSIONS: Periostin in combination with blood eosinophils and basophils counts has the potential to better refine current CRSwNP phenotypes.

PMID: 29081260 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Bilateral vestibulopathy: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society.

Bilateral vestibulopathy: Diagnostic criteria Consensus document of the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society.

J Vestib Res. 2017;27(4):177-189

Authors: Strupp M, Kim JS, Murofushi T, Straumann D, Jen JC, Rosengren SM, Della Santina CC, Kingma H

Abstract
This paper describes the diagnostic criteria for bilateral vestibulopathy (BVP) by the Classification Committee of the Bárány Society. The diagnosis of BVP is based on the patient history, bedside examination and laboratory evaluation. Bilateral vestibulopathy is a chronic vestibular syndrome which is characterized by unsteadiness when walking or standing, which worsen in darkness and/or on uneven ground, or during head motion. Additionally, patients may describe head or body movement-induced blurred vision or oscillopsia. There are typically no symptoms while sitting or lying down under static conditions.The diagnosis of BVP requires bilaterally significantly impaired or absent function of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). This can be diagnosed for the high frequency range of the angular VOR by the head impulse test (HIT), the video-HIT (vHIT) and the scleral coil technique and for the low frequency range by caloric testing. The moderate range can be examined by the sinusoidal or step profile rotational chair test.For the diagnosis of BVP, the horizontal angular VOR gain on both sides should be <0.6 (angular velocity 150-300°/s) and/or the sum of the maximal peak velocities of the slow phase caloric-induced nystagmus for stimulation with warm and cold water on each side <6°/s and/or the horizontal angular VOR gain <0.1 upon sinusoidal stimulation on a rotatory chair (0.1 Hz, Vmax = 50°/sec) and/or a phase lead >68 degrees (time constant of <5 seconds). For the diagnosis of probable BVP the above mentioned symptoms and a bilaterally pathological bedside HIT are required.Complementary tests that may be used but are currently not included in the definition are: a) dynamic visual acuity (a decrease of ≥0.2 logMAR is considered pathological); b) Romberg (indicating a sensory deficit of the vestibular or somatosensory system and therefore not specific); and c) abnormal cervical and ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials for otolith function.At present the scientific basis for further subdivisions into subtypes of BVP is not sufficient to put forward reliable or clinically meaningful definitions. Depending on the affected anatomical structure and frequency range, different subtypes may be better identified in the future: impaired canal function in the low- or high-frequency VOR range only and/or impaired otolith function only; the latter is evidently very rare.Bilateral vestibulopathy is a clinical syndrome and, if known, the etiology (e.g., due to ototoxicity, bilateral Menière's disease, bilateral vestibular schwannoma) should be added to the diagnosis. Synonyms include bilateral vestibular failure, deficiency, areflexia, hypofunction and loss.

PMID: 29081426 [PubMed - in process]

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New developments and clinical transition of hyaluronic acid-based nanotherapeutics for treatment of cancer: reversing multidrug resistance, tumour-specific targetability and improved anticancer efficacy.

New developments and clinical transition of hyaluronic acid-based nanotherapeutics for treatment of cancer: reversing multidrug resistance, tumour-specific targetability and improved anticancer efficacy.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Oct 30;:1-14

Authors: Safdar MH, Hussain Z, Abourehab MAS, Hasan H, Afzal S, Thu HE

Abstract
This review aims to overview and critically analyses recent developments in achieving tumour-specific delivery of anticancer agents, maximizing anticancer efficacy, and mitigating tumour progression and off-target effects. Stemming from critical needs to develop target-specific delivery vehicles in cancer therapy, various hyaluronic acid (HA)-conjugated nanomedicines have been fabricated owing to their biocompatibility, safety, tumour-specific targetability of drugs and genes, and proficient interaction with cluster-determinant-44 (CD44) receptors over-expressed on the surface of tumour cells. HA-based conjugation or surface modulation of anticancer drugs encapsulated nanocarriers have shown promising efficacy against the various types of carcinomas of liver, breast, colorectal, pancreatic, lung, skin, ovarian, cervical, head and neck and gastric. The success of this emerging platform is assessed in achieving the rapid internalization of anticancer payloads into the tumour cells, impeding cancer cells division and proliferation, induction of cancer-specific apoptosis and prevention of metastasis (tumour progression). This review extends detailed insight into the engineering of HA-based nanomedicines, characterization, utilization for the diagnosis or treatment of CD44 over-expressing cancer subtypes and emphasizing the transition of nanomedicines to clinical cancer therapy.

PMID: 29082766 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Development of docetaxel liposome surface modified with CD133 aptamers for lung cancer targeting.

Development of docetaxel liposome surface modified with CD133 aptamers for lung cancer targeting.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Oct 30;:1-8

Authors: Ma J, Zhuang H, Zhuang Z, Lu Y, Xia R, Gan L, Wu Y

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to prepare a novel CD133 aptamer modified DTX liposome system and investigate its characteristics in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, the CD133-DTX LP was prepared by the thin-film hydration method and with the particle size of 100-120 nm. The TEM photomicrographs were smooth, sub-spherical in shape and aggregated to form small clusters. In vitro, a relatively slower DTX release profile was observed in CD133-DTX LP due to the presence of CD133 aptamers on the outer surface which might hinder the drug release. The drug release mechanism fit well with the Higuchi equation better. In cytotoxicity study, CD133 aptamers modified DTX LP significantly decreased cell proliferation and improved the therapeutic efficiency. In vivo imaging result indicated that CD133-DTX LP had very good tumour targeting ability. In vivo antitumour activity indicated that the CD133-DTX LP showed a significant antitumour activity in A549 tumour mice, with a very low systemic toxicity.

PMID: 29082764 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Ternary complex of plasmid DNA with NLS-Mu-Mu protein and cationic niosome for biocompatible and efficient gene delivery: a comparative study with protamine and lipofectamine.

Ternary complex of plasmid DNA with NLS-Mu-Mu protein and cationic niosome for biocompatible and efficient gene delivery: a comparative study with protamine and lipofectamine.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-11

Authors: Nematollahi MH, Torkzadeh-Mahanai M, Pardakhty A, Ebrahimi Meimand HA, Asadikaram G

Abstract
Non-viral gene delivery methods are considered due to safety and simplicity in human gene therapy. Since the use of cationic peptide and niosome represent a promising approach for gene delivery purposes we used recombinant fusion protein and cationic niosome as a gene carrier. A multi-domain fusion protein including nuclear localization motif (NLS) and two DNA-binding (Mu) domains, namely NLS-Mu-Mu (NMM) has been designed, cloned and expressed in E. coli DE3 strain. Afterward, the interested protein was purified by affinity chromatography. Binary vectors based on protein/DNA and ternary vectors based on protein/DNA/niosome were prepared. Protamine was used as a control. DNA condensing properties of NMM and protamine were evaluated by various experiments. Furthermore, we examined cytotoxicity, hemolysis and transfection potential of the binary and ternary complexes in HEK293T and MCF-7 cell lines. Protamine and Lipofectamine™2000 were used as positive controls, correspondingly. The recombinant NMM was expressed and purified successfully and DNA was condensed efficiently at charge ratios that were not harmful to cells. Peptidoplexes showed transfection efficiency (TE) but ternary complexes had higher TE. Additionally, NMM ternary complex was more efficient compared to protamine ternary vectors. Our results showed that niosomal ternary vector of NMM is a promising non-viral gene carrier to achieve an effective and safe carrier system for gene therapy.

PMID: 29081256 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Glutaraldehyde inactivation of enveloped DNA viruses in the preparation of haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.

Glutaraldehyde inactivation of enveloped DNA viruses in the preparation of haemoglobin-based oxygen carriers.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-6

Authors: Ma H, Li Q, Feng K, Zhang Y, Zhu H, Chen C, Yan K

Abstract
Glutaraldehyde (GA), used medically as a disinfectant and as a crosslinker for haemoglobin (Hb)-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs), was investigated for its ability to inactivate viruses during the preparation of these artificial blood substitutes. Porcine parvovirus (PPV; a non-enveloped DNA virus) and porcine pseudorabies virus (PRV; an enveloped DNA virus) were used as the virus indicators. Upon treatment with 0.1 mM GA, the titer of PRV decreased from 9.62 log10 to 2.62 log10 within 0.5 h, whereas that of PPV decreased from 7.00 log10 to 2.30 log10 in 5 h. Following treatment with 1.0 mM GA, the titer of PRV decreased from 11.00 log10 to 1.97 log10 within 0.5 h, whereas that of PPV decreased from 7.50 log10 to 3.43 log10 in 4.5 h. During the polymerization of Hb with GA, the GA concentration decreased to 1.0 and 0.1 mM within 30 and 50 min, respectively, at a GA:Hb molar ratio of 10:1, whereas at a GA:Hb molar ratio of 30:1, GA decreased to those same concentrations in 1.5 and 2.5 h, respectively. This rapid decrease in GA concentration during its polymerization with Hb indicates that GA must be added into the Hb solution in a short time in order to get as high a initial concentration as possible. In this study, the GA can only inactivate PRV effectively, given that a longer time (4.5 h) was required for it to inactivate the PPV titer. This study therefore demonstrates that GA inactivates the enveloped DNA virus only during the preparation of HBOCs.

PMID: 29081252 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Novel therapeutic modalities and drug delivery - erlotinib liposomes modified with galactosylated lipid: in vitro and in vivo investigations.

Novel therapeutic modalities and drug delivery - erlotinib liposomes modified with galactosylated lipid: in vitro and in vivo investigations.

Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol. 2017 Oct 28;:1-6

Authors: Xu H, He C, Liu Y, Jiang J, Ma T

Abstract
The aim of this study to develop galactosylated erlotinib liposomes for treatment of lung cancer. The liposomes were prepared by using solvent evaporation method. Various parameters such as particle size, zeta potential, entrapment efficiency, stability and in vitro drug release were determined. The size of liposomes (both conventional and modified) was 103.5 and 121.4 nm. The zeta potential and EE of both liposomes were -7.1 ± 1.3 mV, -1.2 ± 0.5 mV and (82.3 ± 1.9)%, (83.4 ± 1.5)%, respectively. It was found that modified liposomes increase the size of particles. The in vitro release results indicated that the release of erlotinib from galactosylated liposomes was similar to that of conventional liposome, demonstrating that the modification did not affect erlotinib release. From the result of in vivo, it proved that erlotinib liposomes can significantly improve the drug targeting, rapidly distribute the drug in the body, prolong the drug circulation time and significantly increase the relative bioavailability of the drug. Biodistribution studies showed that erlotinib from galactosylated liposomes had higher AUC inside liver than the injection group and no histological change occurred to the rat liver after the administration of erlotinib conventional and galactosylated liposomes.

PMID: 29081246 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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