The Link Between Infantile Colic and Migraine

Abstract

Infantile colic is a self-limiting disorder of excessive infant crying or fussiness that peaks at 6 weeks of age and typically improves by 3 months of age. The etiology of infantile colic has yet to be definitively elucidated, but there is increasing research to support its relationship to migraine. The aims of this review are to present recent research investigating the connection between infantile colic and migraine. The importance of identifying this connection is useful in reducing invasive and potentially harmful investigations and to identify age appropriate pharmacologic interventions that would be safe in this population.

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New Chronic Pain Treatments in the Outpatient Setting: Review Article

Abstract

Chronic pain is an issue encountered by many health care providers in their routine clinical practice. In addition to generalized patient suffering, this condition has significant clinical, psychological, and socioeconomic impact due to its widespread occurrence. The landscape of chronic pain management has been changing rapidly with an array of treatment innovations, better understanding of established therapies, and care coordination across specialties. In this article, we have reviewed emerging new modalities as well as transformation of established therapies by interventional, pharmacologic, rehabilitative, psychological, complimentary, and interdisciplinary approaches.

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Role of Alternative Therapies for Chronic Pain Syndromes

Abstract

There is increasing interest in the use of complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of chronic pain. This review examines alternative and complimentary therapies, which can be incorporated as part of a biopsychosocial approach in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. In the present investigation, literature from articles indexed on PubMed was evaluated including topics of alternative therapies, complimentary therapies, pain psychology, biofeedback therapy, physical exercise therapies, acupuncture, natural and herbal supplements, whole-body cryotherapy, and smartphone technologies in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. This review highlights the key role of psychology in the treatment of chronic pain. Cognitive behavior therapy appears to be the most impactful while biofeedback therapy has also been shown to be effective for chronic pain. Exercise therapy has been shown to be effective in short-, intermediate-, and long-term pain states. When compared to that in sham controls, acupuncture has shown some benefit for neck pain immediately after the procedure and in the short term and improvement has also been demonstrated in the treatment of headaches. The role of smartphones and whole-body cryotherapy are new modalities and further studies are needed. Recent literature suggests that several alternate therapies could play a role in the treatment of chronic pain, supporting the biopsychosocial model in the treatment of pain states.

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Role of Alternative Therapies for Chronic Pain Syndromes

Abstract

There is increasing interest in the use of complimentary and alternative medicine (CAM) for the treatment of chronic pain. This review examines alternative and complimentary therapies, which can be incorporated as part of a biopsychosocial approach in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. In the present investigation, literature from articles indexed on PubMed was evaluated including topics of alternative therapies, complimentary therapies, pain psychology, biofeedback therapy, physical exercise therapies, acupuncture, natural and herbal supplements, whole-body cryotherapy, and smartphone technologies in the treatment of chronic pain syndromes. This review highlights the key role of psychology in the treatment of chronic pain. Cognitive behavior therapy appears to be the most impactful while biofeedback therapy has also been shown to be effective for chronic pain. Exercise therapy has been shown to be effective in short-, intermediate-, and long-term pain states. When compared to that in sham controls, acupuncture has shown some benefit for neck pain immediately after the procedure and in the short term and improvement has also been demonstrated in the treatment of headaches. The role of smartphones and whole-body cryotherapy are new modalities and further studies are needed. Recent literature suggests that several alternate therapies could play a role in the treatment of chronic pain, supporting the biopsychosocial model in the treatment of pain states.

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No Laughing Matter: Gelastic Migraine and Other Unusual Headache Syndromes

Abstract

Primary and secondary headache disorders have established diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of Headache Disorders IIIb, as well as classic findings, which although not part of the formal criteria are often suggestive of a particular diagnosis. At times, headache disorders can involve unusual symptoms that lack an identifiable secondary cause. This review will discuss some of these unusual symptoms, including headache associated auditory and olfactory symptoms, as well as two case reports involving gelastic migraine and migrainous thoracalgia.

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No Laughing Matter: Gelastic Migraine and Other Unusual Headache Syndromes

Abstract

Primary and secondary headache disorders have established diagnostic criteria in the International Classification of Headache Disorders IIIb, as well as classic findings, which although not part of the formal criteria are often suggestive of a particular diagnosis. At times, headache disorders can involve unusual symptoms that lack an identifiable secondary cause. This review will discuss some of these unusual symptoms, including headache associated auditory and olfactory symptoms, as well as two case reports involving gelastic migraine and migrainous thoracalgia.

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OR Management of Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma

Abstract

Surgical management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis has depended upon surgical removal and debulking of disease to maintain a patent airway and preserve vocal function. Over time, this has evolved from cold instrumentation alone to microscope-guided laser ablation. Powered instrumentation in the form of microdebriders has also come to serve an important role for the rapid removal of exophytic, airway obstructive disease. With this evolving technologic sophistication, the surgical paradigm has progressed from maintaining a patent airway to maintaining vocal function. This chapter will discuss the evolution of surgical management, the considerations for airway management and operative anesthesia, and will finally discuss current adjuvant medical therapies and imaging modalities that seek to limit disease recurrence and enhance detection and surgical management.

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OR Management of Recurrent Respiratory Papilloma

Abstract

Surgical management of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis has depended upon surgical removal and debulking of disease to maintain a patent airway and preserve vocal function. Over time, this has evolved from cold instrumentation alone to microscope-guided laser ablation. Powered instrumentation in the form of microdebriders has also come to serve an important role for the rapid removal of exophytic, airway obstructive disease. With this evolving technologic sophistication, the surgical paradigm has progressed from maintaining a patent airway to maintaining vocal function. This chapter will discuss the evolution of surgical management, the considerations for airway management and operative anesthesia, and will finally discuss current adjuvant medical therapies and imaging modalities that seek to limit disease recurrence and enhance detection and surgical management.

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Dentin abrasivity of various desensitizing toothpastes

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the abrasivity of various commercially available toothpastes that claim to reduce dentin hypersensitivity.

Methods

Dentin discs were prepared from 70 human extracted molars. The discs were etched with lemon juice for 5 min, and one half of the discs were covered with aluminum tape. Following this, they were brushed with 6 different toothpastes, simulating a total brushing time of 6 months. As a negative control, discs were brushed with tap water only. The toothpastes contained pro-arginine and calcium carbonate, strontium acetate, stannous fluoride, zinc carbonate and hydroxyapatite, new silica, or tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and hydroxyapatite. After brushing, the height differences between the control halves and the brushed halves were determined with a profilometer and statistically compared using a Mann–Whitney U test for independent variables.

Results

A significant difference (p < 0.001) in height difference between the controls and the toothpaste-treated samples was found in all cases, except for the stannous fluoride-containing toothpaste (p = 0.583). The highest abrasion was found in the toothpaste containing zinc carbonate and hydroxyapatite, and the lowest was found in the toothpaste containing pro-arginine and calcium carbonate.

Conclusions

Desensitizing toothpastes with different desensitizing ingredients have different levels of abrasivity, which may have a negative effect on their desensitizing abilities over a long period of time.

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Dentin abrasivity of various desensitizing toothpastes

Abstract

Background

The aim of this study was to compare the abrasivity of various commercially available toothpastes that claim to reduce dentin hypersensitivity.

Methods

Dentin discs were prepared from 70 human extracted molars. The discs were etched with lemon juice for 5 min, and one half of the discs were covered with aluminum tape. Following this, they were brushed with 6 different toothpastes, simulating a total brushing time of 6 months. As a negative control, discs were brushed with tap water only. The toothpastes contained pro-arginine and calcium carbonate, strontium acetate, stannous fluoride, zinc carbonate and hydroxyapatite, new silica, or tetrapotassium pyrophosphate and hydroxyapatite. After brushing, the height differences between the control halves and the brushed halves were determined with a profilometer and statistically compared using a Mann–Whitney U test for independent variables.

Results

A significant difference (p < 0.001) in height difference between the controls and the toothpaste-treated samples was found in all cases, except for the stannous fluoride-containing toothpaste (p = 0.583). The highest abrasion was found in the toothpaste containing zinc carbonate and hydroxyapatite, and the lowest was found in the toothpaste containing pro-arginine and calcium carbonate.

Conclusions

Desensitizing toothpastes with different desensitizing ingredients have different levels of abrasivity, which may have a negative effect on their desensitizing abilities over a long period of time.

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Compression Dressing Using Dental Impression Compound for Conservative Management of Sialocele

Abstract

A Sialocele or salivary pseudocyst is due to extravasation of saliva into periglandular tissue due to disruption of gland parenchyma. Various techniques of management have been described in literature; both conservative and surgical management have been documented. We report a simple economical and efficient method to deal with sailocele presenting after neck dissection.

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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Following Sinus Floor Elevation in Patient with Antecedents of Vertigo

Abstract

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an unfamiliar and rare complication occurring following osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) and simultaneous implant placement. Etiology of this disorder is commonly displacement of otoliths by vibratory forces transmitted by osteotomes and mallet along with the hyperextension of the head during the operation, causing them to float around in the endolymph. This report presents a case of protracted BPPV following OSFE and simultaneous implant placement. A 43-year-old female suffered intense vertigo and nausea immediately after implant placement using an OSFE procedure. Upon further questioning after the procedure she gave an account of two times vertigo history within the last 9 years. Despite nootropic drug medication and canalith repositioning procedure applied by a specialist at operation night, the condition did not improve. Patient did not totally recover and was admitted again after 1 month. After repeated maneuvers, nine dosage intravenous serous fluid and piracetam administration the patient recovered. Duration of these procedures took 10 days and the patient was successfully treated with no recurrence of dizziness. Prevention and management of OSFE related BPPV are reviewed especially in patients having prior vertigo history in this report.

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Compression Dressing Using Dental Impression Compound for Conservative Management of Sialocele

Abstract

A Sialocele or salivary pseudocyst is due to extravasation of saliva into periglandular tissue due to disruption of gland parenchyma. Various techniques of management have been described in literature; both conservative and surgical management have been documented. We report a simple economical and efficient method to deal with sailocele presenting after neck dissection.

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Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo Following Sinus Floor Elevation in Patient with Antecedents of Vertigo

Abstract

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is an unfamiliar and rare complication occurring following osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) and simultaneous implant placement. Etiology of this disorder is commonly displacement of otoliths by vibratory forces transmitted by osteotomes and mallet along with the hyperextension of the head during the operation, causing them to float around in the endolymph. This report presents a case of protracted BPPV following OSFE and simultaneous implant placement. A 43-year-old female suffered intense vertigo and nausea immediately after implant placement using an OSFE procedure. Upon further questioning after the procedure she gave an account of two times vertigo history within the last 9 years. Despite nootropic drug medication and canalith repositioning procedure applied by a specialist at operation night, the condition did not improve. Patient did not totally recover and was admitted again after 1 month. After repeated maneuvers, nine dosage intravenous serous fluid and piracetam administration the patient recovered. Duration of these procedures took 10 days and the patient was successfully treated with no recurrence of dizziness. Prevention and management of OSFE related BPPV are reviewed especially in patients having prior vertigo history in this report.

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The effects of hypoxia on in vitro culture of dental-derived stem cells

Publication date: August 2016
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 68
Author(s): Stefanie Bressan Werle, Pedro Chagastelles, Patricia Pranke, Luciano Casagrande
The culture of cells under hypoxia is considered one of the hot topics of tissue engineering, especially when exploring the proliferation capacity, a critical step for cellular-based therapies. The use of in vitro hypoxic environment aims to simulate the oxygen concentrations found in stem cell niches. Dental tissues are attractive sources of stem cells, as they are obtained from discarded tissue, after third molar extraction and exfoliation deciduous teeth, respectively. However, small amounts of cells are obtained from these sources. Thus, optimizing the in vitro conditions for proliferation and differentiation of these cells is essential for future regenerative strategies. This review presents a summary of the results regarding the effect of hypoxia on dental-derived stem cells after an electronic search on PubMed databases. The studies show increased differentiation potential and paracrine action of dental-derived stem cells under hypoxic environment. There are controversies related to proliferation of dental-derived stem cells under induced hypoxia. The lack of standardization in cell culture techniques contributes to these biases and future studies should describe in more detail the protocols used. The knowledge regarding the effect of hypoxia on dental-derived stem cells needs further clarification for assisting the clinical application of these cells.



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The effects of hypoxia on in vitro culture of dental-derived stem cells

Publication date: August 2016
Source:Archives of Oral Biology, Volume 68
Author(s): Stefanie Bressan Werle, Pedro Chagastelles, Patricia Pranke, Luciano Casagrande
The culture of cells under hypoxia is considered one of the hot topics of tissue engineering, especially when exploring the proliferation capacity, a critical step for cellular-based therapies. The use of in vitro hypoxic environment aims to simulate the oxygen concentrations found in stem cell niches. Dental tissues are attractive sources of stem cells, as they are obtained from discarded tissue, after third molar extraction and exfoliation deciduous teeth, respectively. However, small amounts of cells are obtained from these sources. Thus, optimizing the in vitro conditions for proliferation and differentiation of these cells is essential for future regenerative strategies. This review presents a summary of the results regarding the effect of hypoxia on dental-derived stem cells after an electronic search on PubMed databases. The studies show increased differentiation potential and paracrine action of dental-derived stem cells under hypoxic environment. There are controversies related to proliferation of dental-derived stem cells under induced hypoxia. The lack of standardization in cell culture techniques contributes to these biases and future studies should describe in more detail the protocols used. The knowledge regarding the effect of hypoxia on dental-derived stem cells needs further clarification for assisting the clinical application of these cells.



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Protective benefit of predominant breastfeeding against otitis media may be limited to early childhood: results from a prospective birth cohort study.

Protective benefit of predominant breastfeeding against otitis media may be limited to early childhood: results from a prospective birth cohort study.

Clin Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 31;

Authors: Brennan-Jones CG, Eikelboom RH, Jacques A, Swanepoel W, Atlas MD, Whitehouse AJ, Jamieson SE, Oddy WH

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term effects of predominant breastfeeding on incidence of otitis media.
DESIGN: Prospective birth cohort study.
SETTING: The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study recruited 2900 mothers through antenatal clinics at the major tertiary obstetric hospital in Perth, Western Australia between 1989 and 1992.
PARTICIPANTS: 2237 children participated in a six year cohort follow-up and a subset of 1344 were given ear and hearing assessments.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OM diagnosis at six years of age (diagnosed by low-compliance tympanograms, 0 - 0.1 mmho). This was compared to OM diagnosed at the three year cohort follow-up using parent-report measures. Main exposure measures were duration of predominant breastfeeding (defined as the age other milk was introduced) and duration of partial (any) breastfeeding (defined as the age breastfeeding was stopped).
RESULTS: There was a significant, independent association between predominant breastfeeding (OR = 1.33 [1.04, 1.69]; p = 0.02) and OM, and breastfeeding duration (OR = 1.35 [1.08, 1.68]; p = 0.01) with OM at three years of age. However, at six years of age this relationship was no longer statistically significant (predominant breastfeeding OR = 0.78 [0.48, 1.06]; p = 0.09; duration of breastfeeding, OR = 1.34 [0.81, 2.23]; p = 0.25).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in line with a number of epidemiological studies which show a positive association between breastfeeding and OM in early childhood. However, the long-term follow-up of these children revealed that by six years of age there was no significant influence of breastfeeding on presence of OM. These results suggest that the protective effect of predominant breastfeeding for at least six months does not extend to school-age children, where other social and environmental factors may be stronger predictors of OM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27037737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Modeling the voice source in terms of spectral slopes.

Modeling the voice source in terms of spectral slopes.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Mar;139(3):1404

Authors: Garellek M, Samlan R, Gerratt BR, Kreiman J

Abstract
A psychoacoustic model of the voice source spectrum is proposed. The model is characterized by four spectral slope parameters: the difference in amplitude between the first two harmonics (H1-H2), the second and fourth harmonics (H2-H4), the fourth harmonic and the harmonic nearest 2 kHz in frequency (H4-2 kHz), and the harmonic nearest 2 kHz and that nearest 5 kHz (2 kHz-5 kHz). As a step toward model validation, experiments were conducted to establish the acoustic and perceptual independence of these parameters. In experiment 1, the model was fit to a large number of voice sources. Results showed that parameters are predictable from one another, but that these relationships are due to overall spectral roll-off. Two additional experiments addressed the perceptual independence of the source parameters. Listener sensitivity to H1-H2, H2-H4, and H4-2 kHz did not change as a function of the slope of an adjacent component, suggesting that sensitivity to these components is robust. Listener sensitivity to changes in spectral slope from 2 kHz to 5 kHz depended on complex interactions between spectral slope, spectral noise levels, and H4-2 kHz. It is concluded that the four parameters represent non-redundant acoustic and perceptual aspects of voice quality.

PMID: 27036277 [PubMed - in process]

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Inherent envelope fluctuations in forward maskers: Effects of masker-probe delay for listeners with normal and impaired hearing.

Inherent envelope fluctuations in forward maskers: Effects of masker-probe delay for listeners with normal and impaired hearing.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Mar;139(3):1195

Authors: Svec A, Dubno JR, Nelson PB

Abstract
Forward-masked thresholds increase as the magnitude of inherent masker envelope fluctuations increase for both normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) adults for a short masker-probe delay (25 ms). The slope of the recovery from forward masking is shallower for HI than for NH listeners due to reduced cochlear nonlinearities. However, effects of hearing loss on additional masking due to inherent envelope fluctuations across masker-probe delays remain unknown. The current study assessed effects of hearing loss on the slope and amount of recovery from forward maskers that varied in inherent envelope fluctuations. Forward-masked thresholds were measured at 2000 and 4000 Hz, for masker-probe delays of 25, 50, and 75 ms, for NH and HI adults. Four maskers at each center frequency varied in inherent envelope fluctuations: Gaussian noise (GN) or low-fluctuation noise (LFN), with 1 or 1/3 equivalent rectangular bandwidths (ERBs). Results suggested that slopes of recovery from forward masking were shallower for HI than for NH listeners regardless of masker fluctuations. Additional masking due to inherent envelope fluctuations was greater for HI than for NH listeners at longer masker-probe delays, suggesting that inherent envelope fluctuations are more disruptive for HI than for NH listeners for a longer time course.

PMID: 27036255 [PubMed - in process]

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Mucosal and salivary microbiota associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Mucosal and salivary microbiota associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

BMC Microbiol. 2016;16(1):57

Authors: Kim YJ, Choi YS, Baek KJ, Yoon SH, Park HK, Choi Y

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder of unclear etiopathogenesis. Although recent studies of the oral microbiota by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes have suggested that imbalances in the oral microbiota may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of RAS, no specific bacterial species associated with RAS have been identified. The present study aimed to characterize the microbiota in the oral mucosa and saliva of RAS patients in comparison with control subjects at the species level.
RESULTS: The bacterial communities of the oral mucosa and saliva from RAS patients with active lesions (RAS, n = 18 for mucosa and n = 8 for saliva) and control subjects (n = 18 for mucosa and n = 7 for saliva) were analyzed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity between the controls and the RAS, but the mucosal microbiota of the RAS patients showed increased inter-subject variability. A comparison of the relative abundance of each taxon revealed decreases in the members of healthy core microbiota but increases of rare species in the mucosal and salivary microbiota of RAS patients. Particularly, decreased Streptococcus salivarius and increased Acinetobacter johnsonii in the mucosa were associated with RAS risk. A dysbiosis index, which was developed using the relative abundance of A. johnsonii and S. salivarius and the regression coefficients, correctly predicted 83 % of the total cases for the absence or presence of RAS. Interestingly, A. johnsonii substantially inhibited the proliferation of gingival epithelial cells and showed greater cytotoxicity against the gingival epithelial cells than S. salivarius.
CONCLUSION: RAS is associated with dysbiosis of the mucosal and salivary microbiota, and two species associated with RAS have been identified. This knowledge may provide a diagnostic tool and new targets for therapeutics for RAS.

PMID: 27036492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Protective benefit of predominant breastfeeding against otitis media may be limited to early childhood: results from a prospective birth cohort study.

Protective benefit of predominant breastfeeding against otitis media may be limited to early childhood: results from a prospective birth cohort study.

Clin Otolaryngol. 2016 Mar 31;

Authors: Brennan-Jones CG, Eikelboom RH, Jacques A, Swanepoel W, Atlas MD, Whitehouse AJ, Jamieson SE, Oddy WH

Abstract
OBJECTIVES: To examine the long-term effects of predominant breastfeeding on incidence of otitis media.
DESIGN: Prospective birth cohort study.
SETTING: The West Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study recruited 2900 mothers through antenatal clinics at the major tertiary obstetric hospital in Perth, Western Australia between 1989 and 1992.
PARTICIPANTS: 2237 children participated in a six year cohort follow-up and a subset of 1344 were given ear and hearing assessments.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: OM diagnosis at six years of age (diagnosed by low-compliance tympanograms, 0 - 0.1 mmho). This was compared to OM diagnosed at the three year cohort follow-up using parent-report measures. Main exposure measures were duration of predominant breastfeeding (defined as the age other milk was introduced) and duration of partial (any) breastfeeding (defined as the age breastfeeding was stopped).
RESULTS: There was a significant, independent association between predominant breastfeeding (OR = 1.33 [1.04, 1.69]; p = 0.02) and OM, and breastfeeding duration (OR = 1.35 [1.08, 1.68]; p = 0.01) with OM at three years of age. However, at six years of age this relationship was no longer statistically significant (predominant breastfeeding OR = 0.78 [0.48, 1.06]; p = 0.09; duration of breastfeeding, OR = 1.34 [0.81, 2.23]; p = 0.25).
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings are in line with a number of epidemiological studies which show a positive association between breastfeeding and OM in early childhood. However, the long-term follow-up of these children revealed that by six years of age there was no significant influence of breastfeeding on presence of OM. These results suggest that the protective effect of predominant breastfeeding for at least six months does not extend to school-age children, where other social and environmental factors may be stronger predictors of OM. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

PMID: 27037737 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Modeling the voice source in terms of spectral slopes.

Modeling the voice source in terms of spectral slopes.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Mar;139(3):1404

Authors: Garellek M, Samlan R, Gerratt BR, Kreiman J

Abstract
A psychoacoustic model of the voice source spectrum is proposed. The model is characterized by four spectral slope parameters: the difference in amplitude between the first two harmonics (H1-H2), the second and fourth harmonics (H2-H4), the fourth harmonic and the harmonic nearest 2 kHz in frequency (H4-2 kHz), and the harmonic nearest 2 kHz and that nearest 5 kHz (2 kHz-5 kHz). As a step toward model validation, experiments were conducted to establish the acoustic and perceptual independence of these parameters. In experiment 1, the model was fit to a large number of voice sources. Results showed that parameters are predictable from one another, but that these relationships are due to overall spectral roll-off. Two additional experiments addressed the perceptual independence of the source parameters. Listener sensitivity to H1-H2, H2-H4, and H4-2 kHz did not change as a function of the slope of an adjacent component, suggesting that sensitivity to these components is robust. Listener sensitivity to changes in spectral slope from 2 kHz to 5 kHz depended on complex interactions between spectral slope, spectral noise levels, and H4-2 kHz. It is concluded that the four parameters represent non-redundant acoustic and perceptual aspects of voice quality.

PMID: 27036277 [PubMed - in process]

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Inherent envelope fluctuations in forward maskers: Effects of masker-probe delay for listeners with normal and impaired hearing.

Inherent envelope fluctuations in forward maskers: Effects of masker-probe delay for listeners with normal and impaired hearing.

J Acoust Soc Am. 2016 Mar;139(3):1195

Authors: Svec A, Dubno JR, Nelson PB

Abstract
Forward-masked thresholds increase as the magnitude of inherent masker envelope fluctuations increase for both normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) adults for a short masker-probe delay (25 ms). The slope of the recovery from forward masking is shallower for HI than for NH listeners due to reduced cochlear nonlinearities. However, effects of hearing loss on additional masking due to inherent envelope fluctuations across masker-probe delays remain unknown. The current study assessed effects of hearing loss on the slope and amount of recovery from forward maskers that varied in inherent envelope fluctuations. Forward-masked thresholds were measured at 2000 and 4000 Hz, for masker-probe delays of 25, 50, and 75 ms, for NH and HI adults. Four maskers at each center frequency varied in inherent envelope fluctuations: Gaussian noise (GN) or low-fluctuation noise (LFN), with 1 or 1/3 equivalent rectangular bandwidths (ERBs). Results suggested that slopes of recovery from forward masking were shallower for HI than for NH listeners regardless of masker fluctuations. Additional masking due to inherent envelope fluctuations was greater for HI than for NH listeners at longer masker-probe delays, suggesting that inherent envelope fluctuations are more disruptive for HI than for NH listeners for a longer time course.

PMID: 27036255 [PubMed - in process]

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Mucosal and salivary microbiota associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

Mucosal and salivary microbiota associated with recurrent aphthous stomatitis.

BMC Microbiol. 2016;16(1):57

Authors: Kim YJ, Choi YS, Baek KJ, Yoon SH, Park HK, Choi Y

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) is a common oral mucosal disorder of unclear etiopathogenesis. Although recent studies of the oral microbiota by high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes have suggested that imbalances in the oral microbiota may contribute to the etiopathogenesis of RAS, no specific bacterial species associated with RAS have been identified. The present study aimed to characterize the microbiota in the oral mucosa and saliva of RAS patients in comparison with control subjects at the species level.
RESULTS: The bacterial communities of the oral mucosa and saliva from RAS patients with active lesions (RAS, n = 18 for mucosa and n = 8 for saliva) and control subjects (n = 18 for mucosa and n = 7 for saliva) were analyzed by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA genes. There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity between the controls and the RAS, but the mucosal microbiota of the RAS patients showed increased inter-subject variability. A comparison of the relative abundance of each taxon revealed decreases in the members of healthy core microbiota but increases of rare species in the mucosal and salivary microbiota of RAS patients. Particularly, decreased Streptococcus salivarius and increased Acinetobacter johnsonii in the mucosa were associated with RAS risk. A dysbiosis index, which was developed using the relative abundance of A. johnsonii and S. salivarius and the regression coefficients, correctly predicted 83 % of the total cases for the absence or presence of RAS. Interestingly, A. johnsonii substantially inhibited the proliferation of gingival epithelial cells and showed greater cytotoxicity against the gingival epithelial cells than S. salivarius.
CONCLUSION: RAS is associated with dysbiosis of the mucosal and salivary microbiota, and two species associated with RAS have been identified. This knowledge may provide a diagnostic tool and new targets for therapeutics for RAS.

PMID: 27036492 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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The Bromhead Care Home Service: the impact of a service for care home residents with dementia on hospital admission and dying in preferred place of care.

The Bromhead Care Home Service: the impact of a service for care home residents with dementia on hospital admission and dying in preferred place of care.

Clin Med (Lond). 2016 Apr;16(2):114-8

Authors: Garden G, Green S, Pieniak S, Gladman J

Abstract
People with dementia have worse outcomes associated with hospital admission, are more likely to have interventions and are less likely to be offered palliative care than people without dementia. Advance care planning for care home residents has been shown to reduce hospital admissions without increasing mortality. Studies have shown that staff confidence in managing delirium, a common reason for admission, improves with training. A service combining education for care home staff and advance care planning for care home residents with dementia was introduced to care homes in Boston, UK. There were improvements in staff confidence in recognition, prevention, management and knowledge of factors associated with delirium and dysphagia. 92% of carers rated the service >9/10. Admissions fell by 37% from baseline in the first year and 55% in the second and third years. All but one resident died in the preferred place of care.

PMID: 27037378 [PubMed - in process]

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection for an atypical small verrucous carcinoma: a case report.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for an atypical small verrucous carcinoma: a case report.

J Med Case Rep. 2016;10(1):74

Authors: Abe T, Kato M, Itagaki M, Hamatani S, Kawahara Y, Ito S, Aizawa Y, Matsuda K, Sumiyama K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Esophageal verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In most cases, verrucous carcinoma presents as an exophytic, slow-growing mass with an extensive superficial growth pattern. Symptoms often include an insidious onset of dysphagia resulting in weight loss. In a patient presenting with super early-stage verrucous carcinoma, we were able to eliminate the aberration using endoscopic submucosal dissection.
CASE PRESENTATION: An asymptomatic 68-year-old Asian man was found to have an abnormality in his esophagus. The abnormality was discovered, by chance, in a barium study for a health checkup. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 1-centimeter polypoid lesion covered with squamous epithelium. Biopsies showed squamous high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. An endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed and the histopathological findings showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with hyperkeratosis with a church spire configuration. These features are consistent with the growth pattern of verrucous carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Verrucous carcinoma can manifest as a small mass with nonclinical symptoms and endoscopic submucosal dissection is useful as a curative treatment. We must consider that verrucous carcinoma can manifest as appearance of a polyp that is not papillary or warty-like with and without extensive superficial growth appearance.

PMID: 27036299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Peanut Allergy: New Developments and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Food allergies have increased in prevalence over the past 20 years, now becoming an important public health concern. Although there are no therapies currently available for routine clinical care, recent reports have indicated that immunotherapies targeting the mucosal immune system may be effective. Oral immunotherapy is conducted by administering small, increasing amounts of food allergen; it has shown promise for desensitizing individuals with peanut, egg, or milk allergies. Sublingual immunotherapy also desensitizes allergic patients to foods—two major studies have examined the effects of sublingual immunotherapy in subjects with peanut allergies. We review the complex nature of IgE-mediated food allergies and the therapies being evaluated in clinical trials. We focus on the diagnosis and management of food allergies and investigational therapies.

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Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing IgE-Mediated Food Allergy

Abstract

The term "food allergy" is used by many patients and clinicians to describe a range of symptoms that occur after ingestion of specific foods. However, not all symptoms occurring after food exposure are due to an allergic, or immunologic, response. It is important to properly evaluate and diagnose immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy as this results in reproducible, immediate onset, allergic reactions that can progress toward life-threatening anaphylaxis. Proper diagnosis requires understanding of the common foods that cause these reactions in addition to key historical elements such as symptoms, timing and duration of reaction, and risk factors that may predispose to development of IgE-mediated food allergy. Diagnostic testing for food-specific IgE can greatly aid the diagnosis. However, false-positive test results are very common and can lead to overinterpretation, misdiagnosis, and unnecessary dietary elimination. This review discusses important aspects to consider during evaluation of a patient for suspected IgE-mediated food allergy.

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Epigenetic Dysfunction in Turner Syndrome Immune Cells

Abstract

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal condition associated with partial or complete absence of the X chromosome that involves characteristic findings in multiple organ systems. In addition to well-known clinical characteristics such as short stature and gonadal failure, TS is also associated with T cell immune alterations and chronic otitis media, suggestive of a possible immune deficiency. Recently, ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on the X chromosome (UTX), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, has been identified as a downregulated gene in TS immune cells. Importantly, UTX is an X-linked gene that escapes X-chromosome inactivation and thus is haploinsufficient in TS. Mice with T cell-specific UTX deficiency have impaired clearance of chronic viral infection due to decreased frequencies of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which are critical for B cell antibody generation. In parallel, TS patients have decreased Tfh frequencies in peripheral blood. Together, these findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of the X-linked UTX gene in TS T cells underlies an immune deficit, which may manifest as increased predisposition to chronic otitis media.

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The Bromhead Care Home Service: the impact of a service for care home residents with dementia on hospital admission and dying in preferred place of care.

The Bromhead Care Home Service: the impact of a service for care home residents with dementia on hospital admission and dying in preferred place of care.

Clin Med (Lond). 2016 Apr;16(2):114-8

Authors: Garden G, Green S, Pieniak S, Gladman J

Abstract
People with dementia have worse outcomes associated with hospital admission, are more likely to have interventions and are less likely to be offered palliative care than people without dementia. Advance care planning for care home residents has been shown to reduce hospital admissions without increasing mortality. Studies have shown that staff confidence in managing delirium, a common reason for admission, improves with training. A service combining education for care home staff and advance care planning for care home residents with dementia was introduced to care homes in Boston, UK. There were improvements in staff confidence in recognition, prevention, management and knowledge of factors associated with delirium and dysphagia. 92% of carers rated the service >9/10. Admissions fell by 37% from baseline in the first year and 55% in the second and third years. All but one resident died in the preferred place of care.

PMID: 27037378 [PubMed - in process]

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Endoscopic submucosal dissection for an atypical small verrucous carcinoma: a case report.

Endoscopic submucosal dissection for an atypical small verrucous carcinoma: a case report.

J Med Case Rep. 2016;10(1):74

Authors: Abe T, Kato M, Itagaki M, Hamatani S, Kawahara Y, Ito S, Aizawa Y, Matsuda K, Sumiyama K

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Esophageal verrucous carcinoma is a rare variant of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. In most cases, verrucous carcinoma presents as an exophytic, slow-growing mass with an extensive superficial growth pattern. Symptoms often include an insidious onset of dysphagia resulting in weight loss. In a patient presenting with super early-stage verrucous carcinoma, we were able to eliminate the aberration using endoscopic submucosal dissection.
CASE PRESENTATION: An asymptomatic 68-year-old Asian man was found to have an abnormality in his esophagus. The abnormality was discovered, by chance, in a barium study for a health checkup. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy revealed a 1-centimeter polypoid lesion covered with squamous epithelium. Biopsies showed squamous high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia. An endoscopic submucosal dissection was performed and the histopathological findings showed a well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma with hyperkeratosis with a church spire configuration. These features are consistent with the growth pattern of verrucous carcinoma.
CONCLUSIONS: Verrucous carcinoma can manifest as a small mass with nonclinical symptoms and endoscopic submucosal dissection is useful as a curative treatment. We must consider that verrucous carcinoma can manifest as appearance of a polyp that is not papillary or warty-like with and without extensive superficial growth appearance.

PMID: 27036299 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Peanut Allergy: New Developments and Clinical Implications

Abstract

Food allergies have increased in prevalence over the past 20 years, now becoming an important public health concern. Although there are no therapies currently available for routine clinical care, recent reports have indicated that immunotherapies targeting the mucosal immune system may be effective. Oral immunotherapy is conducted by administering small, increasing amounts of food allergen; it has shown promise for desensitizing individuals with peanut, egg, or milk allergies. Sublingual immunotherapy also desensitizes allergic patients to foods—two major studies have examined the effects of sublingual immunotherapy in subjects with peanut allergies. We review the complex nature of IgE-mediated food allergies and the therapies being evaluated in clinical trials. We focus on the diagnosis and management of food allergies and investigational therapies.

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Pearls and Pitfalls in Diagnosing IgE-Mediated Food Allergy

Abstract

The term "food allergy" is used by many patients and clinicians to describe a range of symptoms that occur after ingestion of specific foods. However, not all symptoms occurring after food exposure are due to an allergic, or immunologic, response. It is important to properly evaluate and diagnose immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy as this results in reproducible, immediate onset, allergic reactions that can progress toward life-threatening anaphylaxis. Proper diagnosis requires understanding of the common foods that cause these reactions in addition to key historical elements such as symptoms, timing and duration of reaction, and risk factors that may predispose to development of IgE-mediated food allergy. Diagnostic testing for food-specific IgE can greatly aid the diagnosis. However, false-positive test results are very common and can lead to overinterpretation, misdiagnosis, and unnecessary dietary elimination. This review discusses important aspects to consider during evaluation of a patient for suspected IgE-mediated food allergy.

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Epigenetic Dysfunction in Turner Syndrome Immune Cells

Abstract

Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal condition associated with partial or complete absence of the X chromosome that involves characteristic findings in multiple organ systems. In addition to well-known clinical characteristics such as short stature and gonadal failure, TS is also associated with T cell immune alterations and chronic otitis media, suggestive of a possible immune deficiency. Recently, ubiquitously transcribed tetratricopeptide repeat on the X chromosome (UTX), a histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27) demethylase, has been identified as a downregulated gene in TS immune cells. Importantly, UTX is an X-linked gene that escapes X-chromosome inactivation and thus is haploinsufficient in TS. Mice with T cell-specific UTX deficiency have impaired clearance of chronic viral infection due to decreased frequencies of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, which are critical for B cell antibody generation. In parallel, TS patients have decreased Tfh frequencies in peripheral blood. Together, these findings suggest that haploinsufficiency of the X-linked UTX gene in TS T cells underlies an immune deficit, which may manifest as increased predisposition to chronic otitis media.

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Categorization of common sounds by cochlear implanted and normal hearing adults

Publication date: Available online 2 April 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): E. Collett, M. Marx, P. Gaillard, B. Roby, B. Fraysse, O. Deguine, P. Barone
Auditory categorization involves grouping of acoustic events along one or more shared perceptual dimensions which can relate to both semantic and physical attributes. This process involves both high level cognitive processes (categorization) and low-level perceptual encoding of the acoustic signal, both of which are affected by the use of a cochlear implant (CI) device. The goal of this study was twofold: I) compare the categorization strategies of CI users and normal hearing listeners (NHL) II) investigate if any characteristics of the raw acoustic signal could explain the results. 16 experienced CI users and 20 NHL were tested using a Free-Sorting Task of 16 common sounds divided into 3 predefined categories of environmental, musical and vocal sounds. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) and Hierarchical Clustering based on Principal Components (HCPC) show that CI users followed a similar categorization strategy to that of NHL and were able to discriminate between the three different types of sounds. However results for CI users were more varied and showed less inter-participant agreement. Acoustic analysis also highlighted the average pitch salience and average autocorrelation peak as being important for the perception and categorization of the sounds. The results therefore show that on a broad level of categorization CI users may not have as many difficulties as previously thought in discriminating certain kinds of sound; however the perception of individual sounds remains challenging.



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Evaluation of the effects of platelet-rich fibrin and piezosurgery on outcomes after removal of ımpacted mandibular third molars

Publication date: Available online 2 April 2016
Source:British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Author(s): K. Bilginaylar, L.O. Uyanik
We compared postoperative outcomes after the removal of 80 impacted mandibular third molars in 59 patients. In the control group, osteotomies were done with traditional burs (n=20). The second group had traditional osteotomies and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) placed into the socket of the extracted tooth (n=20). The third group had piezosurgery (n=20), and the fourth had piezosurgery and PRF placed in the extraction socket (n=20). Baseline variables were assessed preoperatively and included pain, the number of analgesics taken, trismus, and swelling. These were also assessed on postoperative days 1, 2, 3, and 7. There was a significant reduction (p<0.05) in pain on days 1, 2, and 3, and in the number of analgesics taken on days 2 and 3 in both PRF groups. However, in the piezosurgery alone group this was the case only on day 3. There was no significant difference in swelling and trismus between the control and other groups.



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Effect of the Combination of Balloon Eustachian Tuboplasty and Tympanic Paracentesis on Intractable Chronic Otitis Media with Effusion

Publication date: Available online 2 April 2016
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Maojin Liang, Hao Xiong, Yuexin Cai, Yuebo Chen, Zhigang Zhang, Suijun Chen, Yaodong Xu, Yongkang Ou, Haidi Yang, Yiqing Zheng
ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of the combination of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) and tympanic paracentesis (TP) on intractable chronic otitis media with effusion (COME).MethodsNinety patients with intractable COME were included and randomly assigned to three groups: BET only (30 patients), BET+paracentesis (30 patients), and paracentesis only (30 patients). Otic endoscopic findings and tympanograms were recorded before the surgery and at the month 1, month 3, and month 6 follow-up evaluations.ResultsBoth the BET only and BET+paracentesis groups achieved better outcomes than the paracentesis group. The BET+paracentesis group exhibited better otic endoscopic scores than the BET only group (p<0.05) at 1 month post-operation. However, no significant difference was found at month 3 or month 6 post-operation. No significant difference in the tympanograms was observed between these two groups at month 1, month 3, or month 6 post-operation. The otic endoscopic sign scores improved from month 1 to month 6 in the BET only group and from month 1 to month 3 in the BET+paracentesis group. The conversion of type B tympanograms improved from month 1 to month 6 in the BET and BET+paracentesis groups but not in the paracentesis only group.ConclusionsOur results suggested that the combination of BET and TP was effective for intractable COME and can help shorten the recovery period for middle ear effusion.



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Effects of propolis in an experimental rat model of allergic rhinitis

Publication date: Available online 2 April 2016
Source:American Journal of Otolaryngology
Author(s): Mehmet Yasar, Yasemin Savranlar, Hatice Karaman, Mustafa Sagit, Sibel Silici, Ibrahim Ozcan
PurposeThe aim of this study was to determine the anti-allergic activity of propolis in an ovalbumin-induced rat model of allergic rhinitis.Materials and methodsThis prospective experimental study was conducted at Hakan Çetinsaya Clinical and Experimental Animal Research Center with 30 rats. After sensitization of all rats with 0.3 mg intraperitoneal ovalbumin plus 30 mg aluminum hydroxide for 14 day (first phase), rats were divided to five groups. In the second phase of the study 10 μL of ovalbumin was applied to each nostril for 21 days. Together with second phase, ketotifen (n:6), oral propolis (n:6), intranasal propolis (n:6) and intranasal mometasone furoate (n:6) was given to rats. A control group (n:4)(salin) and sham group (n:2) was planned. Symptoms were assessed on days 19, 22, 25, 30 and 35, resulting in 5 symptom scores: symptom scores 1–5. On day 35, nasal tissue were removed and histological examination was performed.ResultsWhen rats that received systemic and intranasal propolis were compared to controls, ciliary loss, inflammation, increase in goblet cells, vascular proliferation, eosinophil count, chondrocytes and allergic rhinitis symptom score were found to be decreased (p<0.05).ConclusionsIt was found that propolis had anti-allergic effects on allergic symptom scores and nasal histology.



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Evolving Spiking Neural Networks for Recognition of Aged Voices

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Marco Silva, Marley M.B.R. Vellasco, Edson Cataldo
The aging of the voice, known as presbyphonia, is a natural process that can cause great change in vocal quality of the individual. This is a relevant problem to those people who use their voices professionally, and its early identification can help determine a suitable treatment to avoid its progress or even to eliminate the problem. This work focuses on the development of a new model for the identification of aging voices (independently of their chronological age), using as input attributes parameters extracted from the voice and glottal signals. The proposed model, named Quantum binary-real evolving Spiking Neural Network (QbrSNN), is based on spiking neural networks (SNNs), with an unsupervised training algorithm, and a Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm that automatically determines the most relevant attributes and the optimal parameters that configure the SNN. The QbrSNN model was evaluated in a database composed of 120 records, containing samples from three groups of speakers. The results obtained indicate that the proposed model provides better accuracy than other approaches, with fewer input attributes.



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Relationship Between Acoustic Measurements and Self-evaluation in Patients With Voice Disorders

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Leonardo Wanderley Lopes, Jocélio Delfino da Silva, Layssa Batista Simões, Deyverson da Silva Evangelista, Priscila Oliveira Costa Silva, Anna Alice Almeida, Maria Fabiana Bonfim de Lima-Silva
ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between acoustic measures and self-evaluation in patients with voice disorders.Study DesignThis is a descriptive, transversal, and observational study.MethodsPatients (257) who answered the Voice Handicap Index protocols (VHI) and the Voice Symptoms Scale (VoiSS) and recorded the vowel /ε/ were included. Standard deviation (SD) measures of the fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, and the glottal to noise excitation ratio (GNE) vowel /ε/ were taken.ResultsThere was a weak positive correlation between all scores of VoiSS and the SD of the F0 and jitter. The overall scores, physical limitation, and VoiSS showed weak positive correlations with shimmer. The overall scores, limitation, and emotional VoiSS showed weak negative correlations with the GNE. The VHI did not correlate with any of the acoustic measurements. There was no difference in the mean of the acoustic measures of the SD of F0, jitter, and GNE because of a voice problem detected from the cutoff points of VoiSS. There was no difference in any of the acoustic measurements when patients with and without voice problems were compared from VHI cutoffs.ConclusionsThere is a correlation between the scores of VoiSS and acoustic measurements. Patients with self-reported voice problems in VoiSS present greater deviations in acoustic measures, mainly in jitter. There is no correlation between the VHI scores and the acoustic measures and no difference in the averages of these measures between patients with and without voice problems detected from the VHI cutoffs.



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A Case Report: Hybrid Treatment Approach to Lipoid Proteinosis of the Larynx

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Zhen Chen, William Calawerts, Yi Zhang, Jack Jiang, Wen Xu
ObjectivePrevious research on treatment of lipoid proteinosis has focused on genetic etiology and clinical diagnosis of this rare laryngeal disorder. However, few studies on this disorder have examined treatment methods directed at improving voice qualities. The purpose of this study was to examine a novel hybrid treatment approach and its improvements in the patient's voice quality.Study Design and MethodsIn this case study, a 27-year-old man complaining of hoarseness of voice and effortful phonation was diagnosed with lipoid proteinosis. He was then prescribed a combination of surgical intervention and voice therapy to improve his overall voice quality.ResultsThe results of the posttreatment evaluation demonstrate significant improvements in both objective and subjective voice quality measurements.ConclusionA further examination of this hybrid approach in the treatment of lipoid proteinosis is warranted to determine its efficacy.



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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Activity Associated With Pitch Adaptation During Phonation in Healthy Women Without Voice Disorders

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Maryna Kryshtopava, Kristiane Van Lierde, Iris Meerschman, Evelien D'Haeseleer, Michiel De Moor, Pieter Vandemaele, Guy Vingerhoets, Sofie Claeys
ObjectivesThis functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the brain activity associated with pitch adaptation during phonation in healthy women without voice disorders.Study DesignThis is an interventional prospective study.MethodsSixteen healthy women (mean age: 24.3 years) participated in a blocked design fMRI experiment involving two phonation (comfortable phonation and high-pitched phonation) and exhalation (prolonged exhalation) tasks. BrainVoyager QX Version 2.4 software was used for group-level general linear model analysis (q[FDR] < 0.05).ResultsAnalyses showed a significant main effect of phonation with pitch adaptation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, insula and cerebellum, left middle and inferior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. Statistical results also identified a significant main effect of exhalation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, thalamus, and left supramarginal gyrus. In addition, a significant main effect of phonation was found in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and right insula, as well as in the left midbrain periaqueductal gray for high-pitched phonation only.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that a blocked design fMRI is sensitive enough to define a widespread network of activation associated with phonation involving pitch variation. The results of this study will be implemented in our future research on phonation and its disorders.



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Geographic Distribution and Evolution of Thyroid Cancer Epidemic in South Korea

Thyroid , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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Inter-Observer Variation in the Pathologic Identification of Minimal Extrathyroidal Extension in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Thyroid Apr 2016, Vol. 26, No. 4: 512-517.


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Future Meetings

Thyroid Apr 2016, Vol. 26, No. 4: 612-613.


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THYROSIM App for Education and Research Predicts Potential Health Risks of Over-the-Counter Thyroid Supplements

Thyroid Apr 2016, Vol. 26, No. 4: 489-498.


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Cytogenetic and immunohistochemical biomarker profiling of therapy-relevant factors in salivary gland carcinomas

Objectives

There is currently no established algorithm for the molecular profiling of therapy-relevant defects in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC). HER2 overexpression in a subfraction of SGC and low frequencies of EGFR mutations are known. Here, we established receptor and cell signalling profiles of 17 therapy-relevant factors and propose a molecular diagnostic algorithm for SGC.

Materials and Methods

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from SGC (n = 38) were analysed with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).

Results

Two or more expressed receptors and/or receptor gene amplification were detectable in eight of 38 (21%) tumours: HER2 3+/AR 1+, HER3 gene amplification/AR 1+/EGFR 1+, ER 3+/AR 1+, EGFR 2+/PR 1+ and EGFR 2+/PR 1+/AR 1+. No FGFR1–3, MET, ALK1, ROS1, RET, BRAF nor VEGFA defects were detectable, and ERCC1 was not overexpressed. No PD1+ tumour-infiltrating T cells were detectable.

Conclusion

Personalised therapy of patients with salivary gland carcinomas should include HER2 and EGFR signalling testing and, in negative cases, evaluation of rare potential target molecules. ERCC1 and PD1 do not appear to be reliable markers for the decision for or against chemotherapy or immunotherapy, respectively.

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Measles Virus Genotype D Wild Strains Suppress Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression More Potently than Laboratory Strains in SiHa Cells

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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The Moderating Effect of Frequent Singing on Voice Aging

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Catherine L. Lortie, Julie Rivard, Mélanie Thibeault, Pascale Tremblay
The effects of aging on voice production are well documented, including changes in loudness, pitch, and voice quality. However, one important and clinically relevant question that remains concerns the possibility that the aging of voice can be prevented or at least delayed through noninvasive methods. Indeed, discovering natural means to preserve the integrity of the human voice throughout aging could have a major impact on the quality of life of elderly adults. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the potentially positive effect of singing on voice production. To this aim, a group of 72 healthy nonsmoking adults (20–93 years old) was recruited and separated into three groups based on their singing habits. Several voice parameters were assessed (fundamental frequency [f0] mean, f0 standard deviation [SD], f0 minimum and f0 maximum, mean amplitude and amplitude SD, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio) during the sustained production of vowel /a/. Other parameters were assessed during standardized reading passage (speaking f0, speaking f0 SD). As was expected, age effects were found on most acoustic parameters with significant sex differences. Importantly, moderation analyses revealed that frequent singing moderates the effect of aging on most acoustic parameters. Specifically, in frequent singers, there was no decrease in the stability of pitch and amplitude with age, suggesting that the voice of frequent singers remains more stable in aging than the voice of non-singers, and more generally, providing empirical evidence for a positive effect of singing on voice in aging.



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Improvement in the Reflux Symptom Index Following Surgery for Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Nancy Jiang, C. Kwang Sung, Edward J. Damrose
ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux may contribute to the development of cricopharyngeal dysfunction and Zenker's diverticulum. Common dictum suggests that if upper esophageal sphincter tone is reduced through cricopharyngeal myotomy, symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux may worsen. We hypothesized that patients who undergo myotomy should show decreased dysphagia symptoms with concurrent worsening of reflux symptomatology and that these changes would be greater in those patients undergoing complete versus partial myotomy.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent endoscopic or open cricopharyngeal myotomy, with or without Zenker's diverticulectomy. Preoperative and postoperative reflux symptomatology was subjectively measured with the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and dysphagia symptomatology was measured with the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT-10). Patients who underwent partial myotomy via endoscopic stapling of Zenker's diverticulum were compared with patients who underwent complete myotomy (either endoscopic laser-assisted or via an open transcervical approach). The patients were further subdivided into three groups for data analysis: endoscopic staple diverticulotomy, laser cricopharyngeal myotomy, and open approach.ResultsA total of 41 patient charts were reviewed. Of these 41 patients, 17 underwent endoscopic stapler-assisted diverticulotomy, 4 underwent endosopic laser-assisted cricopharyngeal myotomy, and 20 underwent open transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy, with diverticulectomy as indicated. Mean pre- and postoperative RSIs were 21.8 and 8.9, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean pre- and postoperative EAT-10 scores were 19.1 and 5.0, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients' reflux symptoms significantly improved after cricopharyngeal myotomy, with significant improvement in dysphagia symptoms. Concern for worsening of reflux symptoms following surgery does not appear to be clinically common.



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THYROSIM App for Education and Research Predicts Potential Health Risks of Over-the-Counter Thyroid Supplements

Thyroid Apr 2016, Vol. 26, No. 4: 489-498.


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Cytogenetic and immunohistochemical biomarker profiling of therapy-relevant factors in salivary gland carcinomas

Objectives

There is currently no established algorithm for the molecular profiling of therapy-relevant defects in salivary gland carcinomas (SGC). HER2 overexpression in a subfraction of SGC and low frequencies of EGFR mutations are known. Here, we established receptor and cell signalling profiles of 17 therapy-relevant factors and propose a molecular diagnostic algorithm for SGC.

Materials and Methods

Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples from SGC (n = 38) were analysed with immunohistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH).

Results

Two or more expressed receptors and/or receptor gene amplification were detectable in eight of 38 (21%) tumours: HER2 3+/AR 1+, HER3 gene amplification/AR 1+/EGFR 1+, ER 3+/AR 1+, EGFR 2+/PR 1+ and EGFR 2+/PR 1+/AR 1+. No FGFR1–3, MET, ALK1, ROS1, RET, BRAF nor VEGFA defects were detectable, and ERCC1 was not overexpressed. No PD1+ tumour-infiltrating T cells were detectable.

Conclusion

Personalised therapy of patients with salivary gland carcinomas should include HER2 and EGFR signalling testing and, in negative cases, evaluation of rare potential target molecules. ERCC1 and PD1 do not appear to be reliable markers for the decision for or against chemotherapy or immunotherapy, respectively.

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Measles Virus Genotype D Wild Strains Suppress Interferon-Stimulated Gene Expression More Potently than Laboratory Strains in SiHa Cells

Viral Immunology , Vol. 0, No. 0.


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A Case Report: Hybrid Treatment Approach to Lipoid Proteinosis of the Larynx

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Zhen Chen, William Calawerts, Yi Zhang, Jack Jiang, Wen Xu
ObjectivePrevious research on treatment of lipoid proteinosis has focused on genetic etiology and clinical diagnosis of this rare laryngeal disorder. However, few studies on this disorder have examined treatment methods directed at improving voice qualities. The purpose of this study was to examine a novel hybrid treatment approach and its improvements in the patient's voice quality.Study Design and MethodsIn this case study, a 27-year-old man complaining of hoarseness of voice and effortful phonation was diagnosed with lipoid proteinosis. He was then prescribed a combination of surgical intervention and voice therapy to improve his overall voice quality.ResultsThe results of the posttreatment evaluation demonstrate significant improvements in both objective and subjective voice quality measurements.ConclusionA further examination of this hybrid approach in the treatment of lipoid proteinosis is warranted to determine its efficacy.



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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Activity Associated With Pitch Adaptation During Phonation in Healthy Women Without Voice Disorders

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Maryna Kryshtopava, Kristiane Van Lierde, Iris Meerschman, Evelien D'Haeseleer, Michiel De Moor, Pieter Vandemaele, Guy Vingerhoets, Sofie Claeys
ObjectivesThis functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the brain activity associated with pitch adaptation during phonation in healthy women without voice disorders.Study DesignThis is an interventional prospective study.MethodsSixteen healthy women (mean age: 24.3 years) participated in a blocked design fMRI experiment involving two phonation (comfortable phonation and high-pitched phonation) and exhalation (prolonged exhalation) tasks. BrainVoyager QX Version 2.4 software was used for group-level general linear model analysis (q[FDR] < 0.05).ResultsAnalyses showed a significant main effect of phonation with pitch adaptation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, insula and cerebellum, left middle and inferior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. Statistical results also identified a significant main effect of exhalation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, thalamus, and left supramarginal gyrus. In addition, a significant main effect of phonation was found in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and right insula, as well as in the left midbrain periaqueductal gray for high-pitched phonation only.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that a blocked design fMRI is sensitive enough to define a widespread network of activation associated with phonation involving pitch variation. The results of this study will be implemented in our future research on phonation and its disorders.



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Kontaktgranulom

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 13-13
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101705

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Transplantationsmedizin – Erstes menschliches Stimmband im Labor erzeugt

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 11-11
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-109930

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Article in Thieme eJournals:
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Hör-Lern-Prozess

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 5-5
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100270

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Liebe Leserinnen und Leser

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 1-
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104051

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Wortverstehen – CI-implantierte Kinder nutzen Satzkontext nicht

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 6-7
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-101626

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Danksagung – Dank an die Gutachter 2015

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 11-11
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104169

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Lebensqualität – Gebt stimmkranken Kindern eine Stimme!

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 6-6
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-108241

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Ethische Aspekte in der Diagnostik

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 38-38
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103641

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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The Moderating Effect of Frequent Singing on Voice Aging

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Catherine L. Lortie, Julie Rivard, Mélanie Thibeault, Pascale Tremblay
The effects of aging on voice production are well documented, including changes in loudness, pitch, and voice quality. However, one important and clinically relevant question that remains concerns the possibility that the aging of voice can be prevented or at least delayed through noninvasive methods. Indeed, discovering natural means to preserve the integrity of the human voice throughout aging could have a major impact on the quality of life of elderly adults. The objective of this study was therefore to examine the potentially positive effect of singing on voice production. To this aim, a group of 72 healthy nonsmoking adults (20–93 years old) was recruited and separated into three groups based on their singing habits. Several voice parameters were assessed (fundamental frequency [f0] mean, f0 standard deviation [SD], f0 minimum and f0 maximum, mean amplitude and amplitude SD, jitter, shimmer, and harmonic-to-noise ratio) during the sustained production of vowel /a/. Other parameters were assessed during standardized reading passage (speaking f0, speaking f0 SD). As was expected, age effects were found on most acoustic parameters with significant sex differences. Importantly, moderation analyses revealed that frequent singing moderates the effect of aging on most acoustic parameters. Specifically, in frequent singers, there was no decrease in the stability of pitch and amplitude with age, suggesting that the voice of frequent singers remains more stable in aging than the voice of non-singers, and more generally, providing empirical evidence for a positive effect of singing on voice in aging.



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Improvement in the Reflux Symptom Index Following Surgery for Cricopharyngeal Dysfunction

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Nancy Jiang, C. Kwang Sung, Edward J. Damrose
ObjectivesGastroesophageal reflux may contribute to the development of cricopharyngeal dysfunction and Zenker's diverticulum. Common dictum suggests that if upper esophageal sphincter tone is reduced through cricopharyngeal myotomy, symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux may worsen. We hypothesized that patients who undergo myotomy should show decreased dysphagia symptoms with concurrent worsening of reflux symptomatology and that these changes would be greater in those patients undergoing complete versus partial myotomy.MethodsA retrospective chart review was performed for patients who underwent endoscopic or open cricopharyngeal myotomy, with or without Zenker's diverticulectomy. Preoperative and postoperative reflux symptomatology was subjectively measured with the Reflux Symptom Index (RSI), and dysphagia symptomatology was measured with the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT-10). Patients who underwent partial myotomy via endoscopic stapling of Zenker's diverticulum were compared with patients who underwent complete myotomy (either endoscopic laser-assisted or via an open transcervical approach). The patients were further subdivided into three groups for data analysis: endoscopic staple diverticulotomy, laser cricopharyngeal myotomy, and open approach.ResultsA total of 41 patient charts were reviewed. Of these 41 patients, 17 underwent endoscopic stapler-assisted diverticulotomy, 4 underwent endosopic laser-assisted cricopharyngeal myotomy, and 20 underwent open transcervical cricopharyngeal myotomy, with diverticulectomy as indicated. Mean pre- and postoperative RSIs were 21.8 and 8.9, respectively (P < 0.001). Mean pre- and postoperative EAT-10 scores were 19.1 and 5.0, respectively (P < 0.001).ConclusionsPatients' reflux symptoms significantly improved after cricopharyngeal myotomy, with significant improvement in dysphagia symptoms. Concern for worsening of reflux symptoms following surgery does not appear to be clinically common.



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Evolving Spiking Neural Networks for Recognition of Aged Voices

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Marco Silva, Marley M.B.R. Vellasco, Edson Cataldo
The aging of the voice, known as presbyphonia, is a natural process that can cause great change in vocal quality of the individual. This is a relevant problem to those people who use their voices professionally, and its early identification can help determine a suitable treatment to avoid its progress or even to eliminate the problem. This work focuses on the development of a new model for the identification of aging voices (independently of their chronological age), using as input attributes parameters extracted from the voice and glottal signals. The proposed model, named Quantum binary-real evolving Spiking Neural Network (QbrSNN), is based on spiking neural networks (SNNs), with an unsupervised training algorithm, and a Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm that automatically determines the most relevant attributes and the optimal parameters that configure the SNN. The QbrSNN model was evaluated in a database composed of 120 records, containing samples from three groups of speakers. The results obtained indicate that the proposed model provides better accuracy than other approaches, with fewer input attributes.



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Relationship Between Acoustic Measurements and Self-evaluation in Patients With Voice Disorders

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Leonardo Wanderley Lopes, Jocélio Delfino da Silva, Layssa Batista Simões, Deyverson da Silva Evangelista, Priscila Oliveira Costa Silva, Anna Alice Almeida, Maria Fabiana Bonfim de Lima-Silva
ObjectiveThe study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between acoustic measures and self-evaluation in patients with voice disorders.Study DesignThis is a descriptive, transversal, and observational study.MethodsPatients (257) who answered the Voice Handicap Index protocols (VHI) and the Voice Symptoms Scale (VoiSS) and recorded the vowel /ε/ were included. Standard deviation (SD) measures of the fundamental frequency (F0), jitter, shimmer, and the glottal to noise excitation ratio (GNE) vowel /ε/ were taken.ResultsThere was a weak positive correlation between all scores of VoiSS and the SD of the F0 and jitter. The overall scores, physical limitation, and VoiSS showed weak positive correlations with shimmer. The overall scores, limitation, and emotional VoiSS showed weak negative correlations with the GNE. The VHI did not correlate with any of the acoustic measurements. There was no difference in the mean of the acoustic measures of the SD of F0, jitter, and GNE because of a voice problem detected from the cutoff points of VoiSS. There was no difference in any of the acoustic measurements when patients with and without voice problems were compared from VHI cutoffs.ConclusionsThere is a correlation between the scores of VoiSS and acoustic measurements. Patients with self-reported voice problems in VoiSS present greater deviations in acoustic measures, mainly in jitter. There is no correlation between the VHI scores and the acoustic measures and no difference in the averages of these measures between patients with and without voice problems detected from the VHI cutoffs.



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A Case Report: Hybrid Treatment Approach to Lipoid Proteinosis of the Larynx

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Zhen Chen, William Calawerts, Yi Zhang, Jack Jiang, Wen Xu
ObjectivePrevious research on treatment of lipoid proteinosis has focused on genetic etiology and clinical diagnosis of this rare laryngeal disorder. However, few studies on this disorder have examined treatment methods directed at improving voice qualities. The purpose of this study was to examine a novel hybrid treatment approach and its improvements in the patient's voice quality.Study Design and MethodsIn this case study, a 27-year-old man complaining of hoarseness of voice and effortful phonation was diagnosed with lipoid proteinosis. He was then prescribed a combination of surgical intervention and voice therapy to improve his overall voice quality.ResultsThe results of the posttreatment evaluation demonstrate significant improvements in both objective and subjective voice quality measurements.ConclusionA further examination of this hybrid approach in the treatment of lipoid proteinosis is warranted to determine its efficacy.



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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Brain Activity Associated With Pitch Adaptation During Phonation in Healthy Women Without Voice Disorders

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Maryna Kryshtopava, Kristiane Van Lierde, Iris Meerschman, Evelien D'Haeseleer, Michiel De Moor, Pieter Vandemaele, Guy Vingerhoets, Sofie Claeys
ObjectivesThis functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study investigated the brain activity associated with pitch adaptation during phonation in healthy women without voice disorders.Study DesignThis is an interventional prospective study.MethodsSixteen healthy women (mean age: 24.3 years) participated in a blocked design fMRI experiment involving two phonation (comfortable phonation and high-pitched phonation) and exhalation (prolonged exhalation) tasks. BrainVoyager QX Version 2.4 software was used for group-level general linear model analysis (q[FDR] < 0.05).ResultsAnalyses showed a significant main effect of phonation with pitch adaptation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, posterior cingulate gyrus, superior and middle temporal gyrus, insula and cerebellum, left middle and inferior frontal gyrus, right lingual gyrus, cingulate gyrus, and thalamus. Statistical results also identified a significant main effect of exhalation compared with rest period in the bilateral precentral gyrus, cerebellum, right lingual gyrus, thalamus, and left supramarginal gyrus. In addition, a significant main effect of phonation was found in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus and right insula, as well as in the left midbrain periaqueductal gray for high-pitched phonation only.ConclusionsWe demonstrated that a blocked design fMRI is sensitive enough to define a widespread network of activation associated with phonation involving pitch variation. The results of this study will be implemented in our future research on phonation and its disorders.



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Kontaktgranulom

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 13-13
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101705

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Transplantationsmedizin – Erstes menschliches Stimmband im Labor erzeugt

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 11-11
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-109930

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Hör-Lern-Prozess

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 5-5
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-100270

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Liebe Leserinnen und Leser

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 1-
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104051

© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Wortverstehen – CI-implantierte Kinder nutzen Satzkontext nicht

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 6-7
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-101626

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Danksagung – Dank an die Gutachter 2015

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 11-11
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104169

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Lebensqualität – Gebt stimmkranken Kindern eine Stimme!

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 6-6
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-108241

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Sprache – Vogelgezwitscher hat Sprachelemente

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 8-8
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103800

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Partner von Schwerhörigen – Wenn Kommunikation zur Schwerstarbeit wird

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 10-10
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-108240

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Stimmstörungen – Evidenzlage der Flow-Phonation-Therapie

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 8-8
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-108242

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Menschheitsgeschichte – Spontanes Verstehen von Körpersprache

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 11-11
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-101452

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Sprachanalyse – Algorithmus sagt Scheidung vorher

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 9-9
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-100701

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Dysphagie nach Bandscheibenoperation

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 12-12
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-103146

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Hirnforschung – Spracherkennung aus Gehirnströmen

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 9-9
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103244

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Zur psychodiagnostischen Leistungsbeurteilung durch Intelligenztests

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 37-37
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103301

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Gehörlosigkeit – Taube Mäuse mit Virus behandelt

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 10-10
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-103801

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Zubehör für Hörsysteme

Sprache Stimme Gehör 2016; 40: 47-48
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-102316

Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

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Fine-tuning between BMP and NF-κB pathways regulates osteoblastic bone formation

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Oral Biosciences
Author(s): Shizu Hirata-Tsuchiya, Hidefumi Fukushima, Shoichiro Kokabu, Chiaki Kitamura, Eijiro Jimi
BackgroundBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) enhance bone formation and osteoblast differentiation in vivo and in vitro via a Smad signaling pathway. Recent findings have revealed that inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) enhances BMP-induced osteoblast differentiation both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that NF-κB negatively regulates osteoblastic bone formation. However, the molecular mechanism whereby NF-κB inhibits BMP-induced osteoblastic bone formation is still unclear.HighlightA specific NF-κB inhibitor, BAY11-7082, together with BMP2, enhanced BMP2-induced ectopic bone formation in mice. Furthermore, BMP2 increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, a typical marker of osteoblast differentiation in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from p65-deficient (p65-/-) mice compared with MEFs from wild type (WT) or p50-deficient (p50-/-) mice. The Smad complex activated by BMP2 bound more stably to the target element, without affecting Smad1/5 phosphorylation, in p65-/- MEFs than in WT MEFs, while p65 overexpression inhibited BMP2 activity by decreasing DNA binding to the Smad complex. Moreover, the C-terminal TA2 domain of p65 associated with the MH1 domain of Smad4 but not of Smad1, and inhibited the BMP-Smad pathway.Conclusionp65 inhibits BMP2-induced osteoblastic bone formation by interfering with DNA binding of the Smad complex via an interaction with Smad4. Thus, targeting the association between p65 and Smad4 may help promote bone regeneration in the treatment of bone diseases.



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A review of seasonality of cleft births – The Brazil experience

Publication date: Available online 1 April 2016
Source:Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research
Author(s): Sibele Nascimento de Aquino, Renato Assis Machado, Lívia Máris R. Paranaíba, Daniella Reis B. Martelli, Daniela Araújo Veloso Popoff, Mário Sérgio O. Swerts, Hercílio Martelli-Júnior
AimsEvaluate the seasonal influence in nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or palate (NSCL/P) in Brazilian patients.MethodsA case-control study, with 361 unrelated patients with NSCL/P and 481 healthy individuals, was done on a reference service for craniofacial deformities in Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Information was collected from clinical records considering gender, month of birth, as well as with the seasons.ResultsNonparametric tests did not show a seasonal variation in month of birth and in seasons of year of NSCL/P compared to a control group (p=0.902 and p=0.679, respectively). A difference in births between the groups was identified only in January, however, was not significant. Moreover, among the control group there were more births in the months of February and August, and for the cleft group, more in July and August. The males were more affected by cleft lip with or without palate (CLP) and the females by isolated cleft palate (CP) manifestation. The ratio of CL:CLP:CP indicated that CLP was predominant when compared with CL and CP, CLP was more frequent in male patients, and CP predominance was seen in females.ConclusionThis study did not show seasonal differences in births on NSCL/P in a Brazilian group, emphasizing that environmental factors may be related to oral clefts. These results provide a basis for further epidemiological studies of orofacial clefts in Brazil.



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